Niznik H B, Van Tol H H
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario.
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1992 Oct;17(4):158-80.
For over a decade it has been generally assumed that all the pharmacological and biochemical actions of dopamine within the central nervous system and periphery were mediated by two distinct dopamine receptors. These receptors, termed D1 and D2, were defined as those coupled to the stimulation or inhibition of adenylate cyclase, respectively, and by their selectivity and avidity for various drugs and compounds. The concept that two dopamine receptors were sufficient to account for all the effects mediated by dopamine was an oversimplification. Recent molecular biological studies have identified five distinct genes which encode at least eight functional dopamine receptors. The members of the expanded dopamine receptor family, however, can still be codifed by way of the original D1 and D2 receptor dichotomy. These include two genes encoding dopamine D1-like receptors (D1 [D1A]/D5 [D1B]) and three genes encoding D2-like receptors (D2/D3/D4). We review here our recent work on the cloning and characterization of some of the members of the dopamine receptor gene family (D1, D2, D4, D5), their relationship to neuropsychiatric disorders and their potential role in antipsychotic drug action.
十多年来，人们普遍认为多巴胺在中枢神经系统和外周的所有药理和生化作用均由两种不同的多巴胺受体介导。这些受体分别称为D1和D2，被定义为分别与腺苷酸环化酶的刺激或抑制偶联的受体，并根据它们对各种药物和化合物的选择性和亲和力来定义。认为两种多巴胺受体足以解释多巴胺介导的所有效应的观点是一种过度简化。最近的分子生物学研究已经鉴定出五个不同的基因，它们编码至少八种功能性多巴胺受体。然而，扩展的多巴胺受体家族的成员仍然可以通过原始的D1和D2受体二分法进行编码。这些包括两个编码多巴胺D1样受体（D1 [D1A]/D5 [D1B]）的基因和三个编码D2样受体（D2/D3/D4）的基因。我们在此回顾我们最近关于多巴胺受体基因家族（D1、D2、D4、D5）一些成员的克隆和表征、它们与神经精神疾病的关系以及它们在抗精神病药物作用中的潜在作用的研究工作。
