Hartman D S, Lanau F
Pharmaceuticals Division, Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
Pol J Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;49(4):191-9.
Five distinct dopamine (DA) receptors, named D1-D5, are expressed in the central nervous system where they control motor function, emotional states, and endocrine physiology. With the production of receptor-specific knockout mice and the development of receptor subtype specific ligands, our understanding of dopaminergic systems in the brain is expanding rapidly. In some of the more recent developments, the D4R has been shown to be activated by all three catecholamine neurotransmitters: DA, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. This functional activation by multiple neurotransmitters provides a novel mechanism for integration of catecholamine signaling. In addition, the D4R was reported last year to show genetic linkage to a personality trait called novelty seeking, and now has been implicated in the manifestation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which affects 3-6% of school age children. New evidence has emerged indicating that yet another DA receptor subtype may exist which has D1-like pharmacology but couples to phosphoinositol turnover, which may be of particular importance in the light of recent studies which show decreased D1-like receptor density in brain from schizophrenic patients. This review will cover these and other new developments in the area of DA receptors which have important implications for the understanding of human behavior and disease.
五种不同的多巴胺（DA）受体，命名为D1 - D5，在中枢神经系统中表达，它们在中枢神经系统中控制运动功能、情绪状态和内分泌生理。随着受体特异性敲除小鼠的产生以及受体亚型特异性配体的开发，我们对大脑中多巴胺能系统的理解正在迅速扩展。在一些最新进展中，已表明D4R可被所有三种儿茶酚胺神经递质激活：多巴胺、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素。这种由多种神经递质引起的功能性激活为儿茶酚胺信号整合提供了一种新机制。此外，去年有报道称D4R与一种称为新奇寻求的人格特质存在遗传联系，现在它已被认为与注意缺陷多动障碍的表现有关，该疾病影响3% - 6%的学龄儿童。新的证据表明可能存在另一种DA受体亚型，它具有类似D1的药理学特性，但与磷酸肌醇周转偶联，鉴于最近的研究表明精神分裂症患者大脑中类似D1的受体密度降低，这一点可能尤为重要。本综述将涵盖DA受体领域的这些以及其他新进展，这些进展对于理解人类行为和疾病具有重要意义。
