Odell R M, Erickson R, McEwan R M
Department of Neonatology, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA 91109-3027.
ASAIO J. 1992 Oct-Dec;38(4):858-61.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a highly specialized technique widely practiced in many hospitals. Despite the proliferation of ECMO, little information has been generated relating to ECMO specialists, a new professional group responsible for managing the extracorporeal life support (ELS) system. A telephone survey of ECMO centers in the United States was conducted to determine the number of ECMO specialists, team composition by profession, and clinical components of ECMO specialist certification. Data were obtained in May 1991 from all 63 (100%) active ELS centers. The survey found that the average ECMO program performs 3,770 +/- 1,019 clinical hours of ELS per year with a team of 23 +/- 11 specialists. There are 1,431 practicing ECMO specialists in the United States: 73% registered nurses, 22% respiratory therapists, and 5% others. Most ECMO specialist teams (56%) are comprised of a single profession, with 44% of programs using a mixture of professions. The average ECMO specialist manages the ELS system 171 +/- 91 hr/yr. Thirty-six (57%) programs have a mean yearly clinical requirement of 77 +/- 23 ELS hours per specialist. These results represent the first complete report identifying the number of ECMO specialists in the United States. In addition, program demographics demonstrate variability in ECMO experience and certification requirements.
体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）是一项在许多医院广泛应用的高度专业化技术。尽管ECMO应用日益广泛，但关于ECMO专家这一负责管理体外生命支持（ELS）系统的新专业群体的信息却很少。对美国的ECMO中心进行了一项电话调查，以确定ECMO专家的数量、按专业划分的团队组成以及ECMO专家认证的临床内容。1991年5月从所有63个（100%）活跃的ELS中心获取了数据。调查发现，平均每个ECMO项目每年进行3770±1019小时的ELS临床操作，团队中有23±11名专家。美国有1431名执业ECMO专家：73%是注册护士，22%是呼吸治疗师，5%是其他专业人员。大多数ECMO专家团队（56%）由单一专业组成，44%的项目采用多专业混合团队。平均每位ECMO专家每年管理ELS系统171±91小时。36个（57%）项目的平均每年临床需求是每位专家77±23小时的ELS操作。这些结果是第一份完整报告，确定了美国ECMO专家的数量。此外，项目统计数据显示了ECMO经验和认证要求的差异。
