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小学、中学和高等教育趋势对医学院校申请的影响。I:性别因素

Impact of trends in primary, secondary, and postsecondary education on applications to medical school. I: gender considerations.

作者信息

Cooper Richard A

机构信息

Health Policy Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.

出版信息

Acad Med. 2003 Sep;78(9):855-63. doi: 10.1097/00001888-200309000-00003.

Abstract

The number of applications to medical schools has been declining at a time when attention is beginning to focus on the potential need to expand the infrastructure of medical education to meet the nation's growing consumption of health care services. To gain an understanding of the dynamics affecting the availability of medical applicants, the author used data from several decades to study the transitions that occur throughout the process of education-from primary and secondary education to four-year colleges and, ultimately, to medical school application-from the standpoint of individuals' gender. (A companion article in this issue reports the findings of a parallel study from the standpoint of individuals' race and ethnicity.) A progressive erosion was found in the level of participation of men in postsecondary education over the past 25 years, and a parallel decline was observed in the percentage of baccalaureate men who sought further education at the doctoral level, including medicine. These dynamics have occurred aside rising levels of achievement of girls in early education, increasing numbers of women in four-year colleges, and high levels of interest among college women in medical education. But despite this peak of interest, women baccalaureates have displayed a low frequency of application to medical schools. Based on these observations and on population trends among 20 year olds, it is projected that the number of women applying to medical school will continue to increase, but only modestly, while the number of men who apply will remain relatively unchanged. The resulting growth will be sufficient to alleviate the recent paucity of medical school applications, but it will not be adequate for the needs that any significant expansion of medical school seats will create nor for the numbers of physicians that a predominantly female profession will require.

摘要

在人们开始关注可能需要扩大医学教育基础设施以满足国家日益增长的医疗服务消费需求之际,申请医学院校的人数却一直在下降。为了了解影响医学申请者数量的动态因素,作者利用几十年的数据,从个人性别的角度研究了整个教育过程中发生的转变——从小学和中学教育到四年制大学,最终到医学院校申请。(本期的一篇相关文章从个人种族和民族的角度报告了一项平行研究的结果。)在过去25年中,男性接受高等教育的参与率逐渐下降,同时,包括医学在内,寻求博士阶段深造的本科男性比例也出现了类似的下降。这些动态变化发生在女童早期教育成绩不断提高、四年制大学中女性人数不断增加以及大学女生对医学教育兴趣浓厚的背景下。但尽管兴趣浓厚,本科女性申请医学院校的频率却很低。基于这些观察结果以及20岁人群的人口趋势,预计申请医学院校的女性人数将继续增加,但增幅不大,而申请的男性人数将相对保持不变。由此带来的增长将足以缓解近期医学院校申请人数不足的问题,但对于医学院校大幅扩招所产生的需求以及以女性为主的职业所需的医生数量而言,这还远远不够。

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