Santi Andrea, Servos Philip, Vatikiotis-Bateson Eric, Kuratate Takaaki, Munhall Kevin
Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2003 Aug 15;15(6):800-9. doi: 10.1162/089892903322370726.
Neuropsychological research suggests that the neural system underlying visible speech on the basis of kinematics is distinct from the system underlying visible speech of static images of the face and identifying whole-body actions from kinematics alone. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural systems underlying point-light visible speech, as well as perception of a walking/jumping point-light body, to determine if they are independent. Although both point-light stimuli produced overlapping activation in the right middle occipital gyrus encompassing area KO and the right inferior temporal gyrus, they also activated distinct areas. Perception of walking biological motion activated a medial occipital area along the lingual gyrus close to the cuneus border, and the ventromedial frontal cortex, neither of which was activated by visible speech biological motion. In contrast, perception of visible speech biological motion activated right V5 and a network of motor-related areas (Broca's area, PM, M1, and supplementary motor area (SMA)), none of which were activated by walking biological motion. Many of the areas activated by seeing visible speech biological motion are similar to those activated while speech-reading from an actual face, with the exception of M1 and medial SMA. The motor-related areas found to be active during point-light visible speech are consistent with recent work characterizing the human "mirror" system (Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Gallese, & Fogassi, 1996).
神经心理学研究表明，基于运动学的可见言语背后的神经系统，与面部静态图像的可见言语以及仅从运动学识别全身动作背后的系统不同。功能磁共振成像被用于识别基于点光源的可见言语以及行走/跳跃点光源身体感知背后的神经系统，以确定它们是否独立。尽管两种点光源刺激在包括KO区的右侧枕中回和右侧颞下回产生了重叠激活，但它们也激活了不同的区域。行走生物运动的感知激活了沿着靠近楔叶边界的舌回的内侧枕叶区域以及腹内侧额叶皮层，而可见言语生物运动均未激活这些区域。相反，可见言语生物运动的感知激活了右侧V5区和一个与运动相关的区域网络（布罗卡区、运动前区、初级运动皮层和辅助运动区），而行走生物运动均未激活这些区域。除了初级运动皮层和内侧辅助运动区外，许多因观察可见言语生物运动而激活的区域与从实际面部进行唇读时激活的区域相似。在基于点光源的可见言语过程中发现活跃的与运动相关的区域，与最近描述人类“镜像”系统的研究结果一致（里佐拉蒂、法迪加、加莱塞和福加西，1996年）。
