La Vecchia C, Bosetti C
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milano, Italy.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 2003 Oct;12(5):431-4. doi: 10.1097/00008469-200310000-00013.
Carbon or graphite electrode manufacturing may lead to exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are considered human carcinogens. To provide comprehensive evidence on cancer risk, we have considered five cohort studies from the USA, France, Sweden and Italy, including about 6,500 workers and 80,000 man-years at risk. In two studies providing data on incidence, 52 incident cases of all neoplasms were reported versus 56.28 expected, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 0.92. There were nine cases of lung cancer (SIR=0.91) and three of urinary cancers (SIR=0.81). Four studies gave data on mortality. Overall, 853 deaths were observed versus 1,065.2 expected, corresponding to a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.75-0.86). There were 269 deaths from all neoplasms, versus 292.1 expected (SMR=0.92, 95% CI 0.81-1.04), 82 deaths from respiratory cancers versus 95.8 expected (SMR=0.86), and 15 deaths from bladder and urinary cancers versus 12.7 expected (SMR=1.18). None of these estimates were significant, and for none of the other cancer sites there was evidence of excess risk. Thus, epidemiological data allow excluding any appreciable risk of cancer--in particular of the respiratory and the urinary tract--in carbon electrode workers.
碳电极或石墨电极制造可能会导致接触多环芳烃，其中一些被认为是人类致癌物。为了提供有关癌症风险的全面证据，我们考虑了来自美国、法国、瑞典和意大利的五项队列研究，涉及约6500名工人和80000人年的风险暴露。在两项提供发病率数据的研究中，报告了52例所有肿瘤的发病病例，而预期为56.28例，标准化发病率（SIR）为0.92。有9例肺癌（SIR=0.91）和3例泌尿系统癌症（SIR=0.81）。四项研究提供了死亡率数据。总体而言，观察到853例死亡，而预期为1065.2例，标准化死亡率（SMR）为0.80（95%置信区间，CI，0.75-0.86）。所有肿瘤导致269例死亡，预期为292.1例（SMR=0.92，95%CI 0.81-1.04），呼吸道癌症导致82例死亡，预期为95.8例（SMR=0.86），膀胱癌和泌尿系统癌症导致15例死亡，预期为12.7例（SMR=1.18）。这些估计值均无统计学意义，其他癌症部位也没有证据表明存在额外风险。因此，流行病学数据表明，碳电极工人不存在任何明显的癌症风险，尤其是呼吸道和泌尿系统癌症风险。
