Langtry J A, Carr M M, Steele M C, Ive F A
Department of Dermatology, Dryburn Hospital, Durham.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 1992 May;17(3):163-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1992.tb00195.x.
Black hairy tongue is the name given to the appearance of an abnormal coating of the tongue and occurs only in adults. It is the result of hyperkeratosis of the filiform lingual papillae which, on gross examination appear hair-like with a variable tinctorial aspect from yellow-brown to black. The pathogenesis is unknown and often no definite cause can be identified. A number of aetiologic factors have been implicated including the administration of topical or systemic antibiotics, poor oral hygiene, smoking, alcohol and the use of mouthwashes. Often there are no symptoms other than the aesthetic or anxiety over its aetiology. Some patients complain of gagging, nausea, alteration of taste or halitosis. The condition may be very persistent and recognized treatments include brushing with a soft tooth brush which is enhanced by the prior application of a 40% solution of urea, scraping, topical triamcinolone acetonide, gentian violet, thymol, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, and surgical excision of the papillae.
黑毛舌是指舌面出现异常舌苔的表现，仅见于成年人。它是丝状舌乳头角化过度的结果，在肉眼检查时，舌乳头看起来像毛发，颜色从黄褐色到黑色不等。其发病机制尚不清楚，通常无法确定明确病因。多种病因因素与之相关，包括局部或全身使用抗生素、口腔卫生不良、吸烟、饮酒以及使用漱口水。除了对其病因的美观问题或焦虑外，通常没有其他症状。一些患者抱怨有恶心、呕吐、味觉改变或口臭。这种情况可能非常持久，公认的治疗方法包括用软牙刷刷牙，在刷牙前先涂抹40%的尿素溶液可增强效果，刮除舌苔、局部使用曲安奈德、龙胆紫、麝香草酚水杨酸、复合维生素B，以及手术切除乳头。
