Stone R E, Cleveland Thomas F, Sundberg P Johan, Prokop Jan
Vanderbilt Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
J Voice. 2003 Sep;17(3):283-97. doi: 10.1067/s0892-1997(03)00074-2.
Understanding how the voice is used in different styles of singing is commonly based on intuitive descriptions offered by performers who are proficient in only one style. Such descriptions are debatable, lack reproducibility, and lack scientifically derived explanations of the characteristics. We undertook acoustic and aerodynamic analyses of a female subject with professional experience in both operatic and Broadway styles of singing, who sang examples in these two styles. How representative the examples are of the respective styles was investigated by means of a listening test. Further, as a reference point, we compared the styles with her speech. Variation in styles associated with pitch and vocal loudness was investigated for various parameters: subglottal pressure, closed quotient, glottal leakage, H1-H2 difference (the level difference between the two lowest partials of the source spectrum), and glottal compliance (the ratio between the air volume displaced in a glottal pulse and the subglottal pressure). Formant frequencies, long-term-average spectrum, and vibrato characteristics were also studied. Characteristics of operatic style emerge as distinctly different from Broadway style, the latter being more similar to speaking.
对于如何在不同演唱风格中运用嗓音的理解，通常基于仅精通一种风格的演唱者所提供的直观描述。此类描述存在争议，缺乏可重复性，且缺乏对这些特征的科学解释。我们对一位在歌剧和百老汇两种演唱风格方面均有专业经验的女性受试者进行了声学和空气动力学分析，她演唱了这两种风格的示例曲目。通过听力测试研究了这些示例曲目对各自风格的代表性。此外，作为参考点，我们将这些风格与她的讲话进行了比较。针对各种参数研究了与音高和声音响度相关的风格变化：声门下压力、声门关闭商数、声门漏气、H1 - H2差值（声源频谱中两个最低谐波之间的电平差）和声门顺应性（声门脉冲中排出的空气体积与声门下压力的比值）。还研究了共振峰频率、长期平均频谱和颤音特征。歌剧风格的特征明显不同于百老汇风格，后者更类似于讲话。
