Berović Nina
Puls--Mark, Media and Public Opinion Research Agency, Zagreb, Croatia.
Croat Med J. 2003 Oct;44(5):596-600.
To determine sociodemographic features that describe mothers who are likely to wean their babies earlier then is recommended and whether the rates of breast-fed children in Croatia had improved since 1996.
A sample of 500 mothers was selected from the population of women who had delivered 2 to 12 months before the interview. The sample was stratified according to the region, urbanization, and child's age. The questionnaire was designed to give a sociodemographic profile of the mother and to describe child's present nutritional habits, duration and reasons for breast-feeding, and reasons for weaning. Chi-square test was used to estimate statistical differences of two qualitative variables. ANOVA test was used for multiple group comparisons.
There were significantly more breast-feeding mothers among older than among younger women (46.3% vs 31.7%; p=0.041). Significantly greater proportion of women with higher educational level breast-fed, as compared with less educated women (53.8% vs 31.3%, p=0.002). Percentage of non-smokers among breast-feeding mothers was significantly higher than that of smokers (45.0% vs 25.7%, p=0.001). After the age of 3 months, 30.7% of children were still breast-fed, and only 11.0% after 6 months of age. With regard to the nutritional habits in the first year of life, 40.0% of all children were fed with cow's milk. Supplementary feeding was started by 29.2% of respondents before the end of the third month.
Older, better educated, and non-smoking mothers in Croatia breast-fed at a higher rate then young, less educated, and smoking mothers. Older mothers also weaned their children significantly later than the young ones. Percentage of children fed with cow's milk during the first year of life is disturbingly high and introduction of solids into child's nutrition is earlier than recommended.
确定能够描述那些可能比建议时间更早给婴儿断奶的母亲的社会人口学特征，以及自1996年以来克罗地亚母乳喂养儿童的比例是否有所提高。
从在访谈前2至12个月分娩的女性人群中选取500名母亲作为样本。样本根据地区、城市化程度和孩子年龄进行分层。问卷旨在给出母亲的社会人口学概况，并描述孩子目前的营养习惯、母乳喂养的持续时间和原因以及断奶原因。采用卡方检验估计两个定性变量的统计差异。方差分析用于多组比较。
年龄较大的女性中母乳喂养的母亲明显多于年龄较小的女性（46.3%对31.7%；p = 0.041）。与受教育程度较低的女性相比，受教育程度较高的女性中母乳喂养的比例明显更高（53.8%对31.3%，p = 0.002）。母乳喂养母亲中不吸烟者的比例明显高于吸烟者（45.0%对25.7%，p = 0.001）。3个月龄后，30.7%的儿童仍在母乳喂养，6个月龄后仅为11.0%。关于生命第一年的营养习惯，所有儿童中有40.0%用牛奶喂养。29.2%的受访者在第三个月末之前就开始了辅食喂养。
克罗地亚年龄较大、受教育程度较高且不吸烟的母亲母乳喂养率高于年轻、受教育程度较低且吸烟的母亲。年龄较大的母亲给孩子断奶的时间也明显晚于年轻母亲。生命第一年用牛奶喂养儿童的比例高得令人不安，并且给儿童引入固体食物的时间早于建议时间。
