Dang S, Yan H, Yamamoto S, Wang X, Zeng L
Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;59(9):1022-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602207.
Few published data are available on the feeding practice of younger children in Tibet. Our study investigated feeding pattern of younger Tibetan children.
The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in Tibet. A sample of 1655 children younger than 36 months old and their mothers was obtained by stratified multistage cluster random sampling method. Mothers were interviewed to collect information on feeding practice by a designed family questionnaire including initial time and duration of breastfeeding and time, frequency and types of complementary foods introduced.
Most of the children was ever or being breastfed at the time of interview. The median duration of breastfeeding was 26 months. The prevalence of almost exclusive breastfeeding for 4 months was 20.1%. Mothers' age and education, child's residence, and introduction of egg, fresh milk and milk powder were strongly associated with the duration of breastfeeding. The partial feeding was a main pattern in the first 6 months of life. Zanban and porridge were offered at about 1 month after birth. By 6th month, less than 25% of children were fed protein foods such as egg and meats and only near 20% of children were fed fresh vegetables. Bean products, fish and chicken were seldom offered to children.
We conclude that although they were breastfed for long time, complementary feeding practice of Tibetan children was disadvantaged, especially of rural children. Improvement of monotonous complementary foods and timely introduction should be stressed in local programmatic nutritional interventions.
关于西藏年幼儿童喂养方式的公开数据较少。我们的研究调查了西藏年幼儿童的喂养模式。
本研究是在西藏进行的一项横断面调查。采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法，选取了1655名36个月以下儿童及其母亲作为样本。通过一份设计好的家庭问卷对母亲进行访谈，收集喂养方式的相关信息，包括母乳喂养的起始时间和持续时间，以及引入辅食的时间、频率和种类。
大多数儿童在访谈时曾进行母乳喂养或正在进行母乳喂养。母乳喂养的中位持续时间为26个月。4个月纯母乳喂养的患病率为20.1%。母亲的年龄和教育程度、孩子的居住地，以及鸡蛋、鲜牛奶和奶粉的引入与母乳喂养的持续时间密切相关。在出生后的前6个月，部分喂养是主要模式。出生后约1个月开始喂食糌粑和粥。到6个月时，不到25%的儿童食用了鸡蛋和肉类等蛋白质食物，只有近20%的儿童食用了新鲜蔬菜。很少给儿童提供豆制品、鱼和鸡肉。
我们得出结论，尽管西藏儿童母乳喂养时间较长，但辅食喂养情况不佳，尤其是农村儿童。在当地的营养干预项目中，应强调改善单一的辅食并及时引入。
