Knoblich Günther, Jordan Jerome Scott
Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Cognition and Action, Amalienstrasse 33, 80799 Munich, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2003 Sep;29(5):1006-16. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.29.5.1006.
When individuals act alone, they can internally coordinate the actions at hand. Such coordination is not feasible when individuals act together in a group. The present research examines to what extent groups encounter specific challenges when acting jointly and whether these challenges impede extending planning into the future. Individuals and groups carried out a tracking task that required learning a new anticipatory control strategy. The results show that groups face additional demands that are harder to overcome when planning needs to be extended into the future. Information about others' actions is a necessary condition for groups to effectively learn to extend their plans. Possible mechanisms for exerting and learning anticipatory control are discussed.
当个体单独行动时，他们能够在内部协调手头的行动。而当个体在群体中共同行动时，这种协调是不可行的。本研究考察了群体在共同行动时在多大程度上面临特定挑战，以及这些挑战是否会阻碍将规划延伸至未来。个体和群体执行了一项追踪任务，该任务需要学习一种新的预期控制策略。结果表明，当需要将规划延伸至未来时，群体面临着更难克服的额外要求。关于他人行动的信息是群体有效学习以扩展其计划的必要条件。文中还讨论了实施和学习预期控制的可能机制。
