Verhaeghen Paul, Steitz David W, Sliwinski Martin J, Cerella John
Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, New York 13244-2340, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2003 Sep;18(3):443-60. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.18.3.443.
The relations between dual-task effects and aging were examined through a meta-analysis of 33 studies (with 48 independent participant groups) using latency as the dependent measure and 30 studies (with 40 independent participant groups) focusing on accuracy. Brinley plots and state traces were derived, and a model to explicate different types of complexity (additive and multiplicative) was developed. The effects of dual-task processing on latency were additive, and this additive cost was larger in older adults than in younger adults and larger than predicted from general slowing. This cost was small and independent of task complexity. The effects of dual-task processing on logit-transformed accuracy were likewise additive, but no specific age deficit was associated with this dual-task cost.
通过对33项研究（涉及48个独立参与者组）进行荟萃分析，以反应时作为因变量，同时对30项研究（涉及40个独立参与者组）聚焦于准确性，来考察双重任务效应与衰老之间的关系。绘制了布林利图和状态轨迹，并开发了一个模型来解释不同类型的复杂性（累加性和相乘性）。双重任务处理对反应时的影响是累加性的，且这种累加性代价在老年人中比在年轻人中更大，且比由一般认知减缓所预测的要大。这种代价较小且与任务复杂性无关。双重任务处理对逻辑转换准确性的影响同样是累加性的，但这种双重任务代价并未伴随特定的年龄缺陷。
