Angelini Luciana G, Carpanese Giovanna, Cioni Pier Luigi, Morelli Ivano, Macchia Mario, Flamini Guido
Dipartimento di Agronomia and Gestione dell'Agroecosistema, Università di Pisa, Via S. Michele degli Scalzi 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Oct 8;51(21):6158-64. doi: 10.1021/jf0210728.
The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and savory (Satureja montana L.) and the four monoterpenes that are their major constituents have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their allelopathic properties on the seeds of three different annual weeds (Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and three crops (Raphanus sativus, Capsicum annuum, and Lactuca sativa), with the aim to evaluate in vitro their potential as germination inhibitors. The essential oil composition varied with the species, thymol being the main constituent (44%) of thyme and carvacrol (57%) that of savory oil. Differences in essential oil composition were observed within two different rosemary ecotypes, type A, with alpha-pinene (37%) and 1,8-cineole (23%), and type B, characterized by a 2-fold content of 1,8-cineole (47%). This latest essential oil inhibited completely the germination of weeds while concurrently displaying little effect on pepper. The other two oils showed less selective action. S. montana essential oil, with 57% carvacrol, is the most active compound, completely inhibiting germination both of crops and weeds. Borneol, one of the main constituents of the oil of rosemary type B, showed an activity comparable to that of the whole oil. Crop and weed seeds treated with 1,8-cineole showed germination values that were not significantly different from controls, even if a slowing of the germination process expressed in terms of a significant increase in mean germination time was observed. Monoterpene compounds also present in the essential oils mainly represented the volatile fraction released from the crops and their residues into the soil.
已通过气相色谱法（GC）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用法（GC - MS）对迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis L.）、百里香（Thymus vulgaris L.）和夏香薄荷（Satureja montana L.）中提取的精油及其四种主要单萜成分进行了分析，并测试了它们对三种不同一年生杂草（藜（Chenopodium album）、马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea）和稗草（Echinochloa crus - galli））以及三种作物（萝卜（Raphanus sativus）、辣椒（Capsicum annuum）和生菜（Lactuca sativa））种子的化感特性，目的是在体外评估它们作为发芽抑制剂的潜力。精油成分因物种而异，百里香精油的主要成分是百里香酚（44%），夏香薄荷精油的主要成分是香芹酚（57%）。在两种不同的迷迭香生态型中观察到了精油成分的差异，A型以α - 蒎烯（37%）和1,8 - 桉叶素（23%）为主，B型的特征是1,8 - 桉叶素含量翻倍（47%）。这种最新的精油完全抑制了杂草的发芽，同时对辣椒的影响很小。另外两种精油的选择性作用较小。含有57%香芹酚的夏香薄荷精油是最具活性的化合物，能完全抑制作物和杂草的发芽。B型迷迭香叶精油的主要成分之一冰片，其活性与整个精油相当。用1,8 - 桉叶素处理的作物和杂草种子的发芽值与对照相比没有显著差异，即使观察到以平均发芽时间显著增加表示的发芽过程有所减缓。精油中存在的单萜化合物也主要代表了作物及其残留在土壤中释放的挥发性部分。
