Kato-Noguchi Hisashi, Kato Midori
Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 23;12(3):521. doi: 10.3390/plants12030521.
(L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson is native to tropical America, and has naturalized in many other countries in tropical Asia, Austria, and West Africa. The species often forms dense thickets and reduces the native species diversity and population in the invasive ranges. The species is also considered as a noxious weed in agriculture fields, and listed in the 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species. The characteristics of its life-history such as the seed production rate, growth pattern, and adaptative ability to the environmental conditions may contribute to the invasiveness of the species. Possible evidence of the defense capacity against the natural enemy, and the allelopathic potential against the competitive plant species for has been accumulated in the literature over three decades. The extracts, residues, and/or rhizosphere soil of increased the mortality of various insects and parasitic nematodes, and decreased their population. The extracts, residues, and/or rhizosphere soil of also inhibited the germination and growth of several plant species including the indigenous plant species in the invasive ranges of Toxic substances, pyrrolizidine alkaloids were found in the leaves and flowers of These pyrrolizidine alkaloids may work as the defense agents against the natural enemies. Several potential allelochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids were also found in the plant extracts of . Some of these compounds may work as allelopathic agents of and inhibit the germination and growth of the competitive plant species. These characteristics of for the defense function against their natural enemies such as insects and parasitic nematodes, and allelopathic potential against the competitive native plant species may contribute to the invasiveness and naturalization of in the new habitats as invasive plant species. However, it is necessary to determine the concentration of these allelochemicals in the neighboring environment of such as the rhizosphere soil since allelochemicals are able to work only when they are released into the neighboring environment. It is the first review article focusing on the defense function and allelopathy of .
(L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson原产于热带美洲，已在热带亚洲、奥地利和西非的许多其他国家归化。该物种常形成茂密的灌丛，降低了入侵地区的本地物种多样性和种群数量。该物种在农田中也被视为有害杂草，并被列入世界上100种最严重的入侵外来物种之中。其生活史特征，如种子生产率、生长模式和对环境条件的适应能力，可能有助于该物种的入侵性。在过去三十年的文献中已经积累了关于其对天敌的防御能力以及对竞争性植物物种的化感潜力的可能证据。该物种的提取物、残渣和/或根际土壤增加了各种昆虫和寄生线虫的死亡率，并减少了它们的种群数量。该物种的提取物、残渣和/或根际土壤还抑制了包括入侵地区本土植物物种在内的几种植物物种的萌发和生长。在该物种的叶子和花朵中发现了有毒物质吡咯里西啶生物碱。这些吡咯里西啶生物碱可能作为抵御天敌的防御剂。在该物种的植物提取物中还发现了几种潜在的化感物质，如黄酮类化合物、酚酸和萜类化合物。其中一些化合物可能作为该物种的化感剂，抑制竞争性植物物种的萌发和生长。该物种对昆虫和寄生线虫等天敌的防御功能以及对竞争性本土植物物种的化感潜力的这些特征，可能有助于其作为入侵植物物种在新栖息地的入侵性和归化。然而，由于化感物质只有在释放到邻近环境中才能起作用，因此有必要确定这些化感物质在该物种邻近环境如根际土壤中的浓度。这是第一篇关注该物种防御功能和化感作用的综述文章。
