Santos A-C, Barros H
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto 4200, Portugal.
Public Health. 2003 Nov;117(6):430-7. doi: 10.1016/S0033-3506(03)00139-2.
To evaluate the prevalence and the determinants of obesity, and the associated cardiovascular risk factors in a random sample of non-institutionalised adults.
Cross-sectional study.
A random sample of 1436 habitants of Porto (873 women and 563 men) aged 18-90 years.
All participants answered a structured questionnaire comprising information on social, demographic, behavioural and clinical aspects. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure and fasting blood samples were obtained. Diet was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and physical activity was evaluated using a questionnaire exploring all professional, domestic and leisure-time activities. When the body mass index was > or =30 kg/m2, the subject was considered as 'obese'. Proportions were age adjusted for the European population. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using unconditional logistic regression.
The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in women (26.1%) than men (13.9%). Regardless of gender, obesity increased with age, decreased with education, and was more frequent in married blue-collar workers and unemployed subjects. Smoking was more prevalent in subjects of normal weight, and a higher proportion of those reporting no regular exercise were obese. In men, obesity prevalence increased with increasing quartiles of energy intake, but no such changes were found in women. Compared with subjects of normal weight, obese men showed a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (53.3 vs 26.1%) and hypertriglyceridaemia (23.4 vs 9.0%). Also, hypertension (43.7 vs 30.7%), diabetes (7.6 vs 2.7%), hypertriglyceridaemia (27.1 vs 5.0%), and abnormal low-density lipoprotein (30.4 vs 21.4%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (15.0 vs 5.3%) were more frequent in obese women.
Obesity is a major public health issue in urban Portuguese populations, and obese individuals have many features of metabolic syndrome. Education and relative deprivation are modifiable factors that are significantly associated with obesity. However, no clear-cut relationship was found between physical activity and energy intake.
评估非机构化成年人随机样本中肥胖症的患病率、决定因素以及相关的心血管危险因素。
横断面研究。
从波尔图随机抽取的1436名18 - 90岁居民（873名女性和563名男性）。
所有参与者均回答了一份结构化问卷，内容包括社会、人口统计学、行为和临床方面的信息。获取了人体测量数据、血压和空腹血样。饮食通过半定量食物频率问卷进行评估，身体活动通过一份探索所有职业、家庭和休闲活动的问卷进行评估。当体重指数≥30kg/m²时，该受试者被视为“肥胖”。比例按欧洲人群年龄进行了调整。使用无条件逻辑回归计算比值比和95%置信区间。
女性肥胖症患病率（26.1%）显著高于男性（13.9%）。无论性别如何，肥胖症都随年龄增加而上升，随受教育程度降低而增加，在已婚蓝领工人和失业者中更为常见。正常体重者吸烟更为普遍，且报告无规律运动的人群中肥胖者比例更高。在男性中，肥胖症患病率随能量摄入四分位数的增加而上升，但在女性中未发现此类变化。与正常体重者相比，肥胖男性高血压患病率（53.3%对26.1%）和高甘油三酯血症患病率（23.4%对9.0%）显著更高。此外，肥胖女性中高血压（43.7%对30.7%）、糖尿病（7.6%对2.7%）、高甘油三酯血症（27.1%对5.0%）以及异常低密度脂蛋白（30.4%对21.4%）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度异常（15.0%对5.3%）更为常见。
肥胖症是葡萄牙城市人口中的一个主要公共卫生问题，肥胖个体具有许多代谢综合征特征。教育和相对贫困是与肥胖症显著相关的可改变因素。然而，未发现身体活动与能量摄入之间存在明确关系。
