Bunn Terry L, Struttmann Tim W
Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) Program, Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40504-2915, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2003 Sep;4(3):270-5. doi: 10.1080/15389580309875.
Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are the leading cause of occupational fatalities in Kentucky as well as in the nation. The characteristics of and contributing factors for occupational versus nonoccupational MVC fatalities in the Commonwealth of Kentucky were examined from 1998 to 2000. Semi trucks were most frequently involved in fatal occupational MVCs, and passenger cars were most frequently involved in nonoccupational MVCs. More than half of the decedent drivers resided outside of Kentucky. The percentage of occupational fatalities occurring on a four-lane highway was double the percentage observed for nonoccupational MVC fatalities. In addition, an increased proportion of occupational MVC deaths occurred on limited access highways compared to nonoccupational fatalities. When human factors contributing to these fatal incidents were examined, the two primary human factors involved in occupational motor vehicle fatalities were driver distraction/inattention and falling asleep, whereas unsafe speed and alcohol were the primary human factors contributing to a nonoccupational fatality. These results suggest that semi drivers traveling on four-lane highways are more at risk for a fatal occupational injury in Kentucky. Therefore, additional epidemiological studies are needed to further examine human factors, the nature of the Kentucky highway system, and trucking controls (e.g., weigh station hours of operation) within the Kentucky transportation industry.
机动车碰撞事故（MVCs）是肯塔基州以及美国职业死亡的主要原因。对1998年至2000年肯塔基州职业性与非职业性机动车碰撞事故死亡的特征及促成因素进行了研究。半挂车最常涉及职业性机动车碰撞致死事故，而乘用车最常涉及非职业性机动车碰撞事故。超过半数的死亡司机居住在肯塔基州以外。在四车道公路上发生的职业性死亡事故百分比是非职业性机动车碰撞事故死亡百分比的两倍。此外，与非职业性死亡事故相比，在有限通道高速公路上发生的职业性机动车碰撞死亡事故比例有所增加。在研究促成这些致命事故的人为因素时，职业性机动车碰撞死亡事故涉及的两个主要人为因素是司机分心/注意力不集中和睡着，而不安全速度和酒精是非职业性死亡事故的主要人为因素。这些结果表明，在肯塔基州，在四车道公路上行驶的半挂车司机面临致命职业伤害的风险更高。因此，需要进行更多的流行病学研究，以进一步研究人为因素、肯塔基州公路系统的性质以及肯塔基州运输行业内的货运控制措施（如称重站运营时间）。
