Pashos Alexander, Niemitz Carsten
Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin.
Anthropol Anz. 2003 Sep;61(3):331-41.
Recent research on human mating depicts men as searching for physical attractiveness (PA) and women as searching for status. To identify the mechanisms which lead to universal, biologically interpretable structures in social processes, we focused on the proximate causes for inter- and intrasexual differences in human mating preferences, attraction, and tactics. We collected data on 180 young singles (mean age 26.9 years) without a steady relationship. A questionnaire and a video sequence (20-30 seconds) of each subject was taken. Next, each video sequence was rated by approximately 20 individuals of the opposite sex, who also participated in this study. Surprisingly, the answers given by male and female subjects regarding sociosexual behaviour and mating preferences are predominantly congruent. Sex differences among preferences for good looking and high-status partners were small or even insignificant. Lower educated subjects had considerably higher status preferences than higher educated individuals. In both sexes, PA was much more preferred in a potential partner than status. For both sexes, physical appearance was decisive for the subject's dating attractiveness. Male, but not female dating attractiveness also correlates with a kind and charismatic appearance. Furthermore, there was a positive linear relationship between men's PA and their number of sexual partners within the last year. Men with more than four sexual partners were all above-average in PA, while the most attractive women had a medium number of sexual partners. However, in this respect, status had no influence. The results show that sex differences in mating are more complex than hitherto assumed.
近期关于人类交配行为的研究表明，男性追求身体吸引力（PA），而女性追求社会地位。为了确定在社会过程中导致普遍的、具有生物学可解释性结构的机制，我们聚焦于人类交配偏好、吸引力和策略中性别间及性别内差异的直接原因。我们收集了180名单身青年（平均年龄26.9岁）的数据，他们均无稳定恋爱关系。我们为每位受试者拍摄了一份问卷和一段视频（20 - 30秒）。接下来，由大约20名参与本研究的异性对每个视频进行评分。令人惊讶的是，男性和女性受试者在性社交行为和交配偏好方面给出的答案基本一致。在对长相好看和社会地位高的伴侣的偏好上，性别差异很小甚至不显著。受教育程度较低的受试者对社会地位的偏好明显高于受教育程度较高的个体。对于两性来说，在潜在伴侣中，身体吸引力比社会地位更受青睐。对两性而言，外貌对受试者的约会吸引力起决定性作用。男性而非女性的约会吸引力还与友善且有魅力的外表相关。此外，男性的身体吸引力与他们去年的性伴侣数量之间存在正线性关系。有超过四个性伴侣的男性身体吸引力均高于平均水平，而最有吸引力的女性性伴侣数量处于中等。然而，在这方面，社会地位没有影响。结果表明，交配行为中的性别差异比以往认为的更为复杂。
