Müller Maciej, Betlejewski Stanisław
Klinika Otolaryngologii AM im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy.
Otolaryngol Pol. 2003;57(3):361-4.
Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrinologic disease all over the world. 150 million people suffer from this disease, in Poland about 2 million. The disease on the basis of the onset and pathophysiology may be divided into type I and type II. Pathophysiologic changes include diabetic microangiopathy, macroangiopathy and neuropathy. The most common presentations in head and neck are otitis externa, hypoacusis, vertigo, disequilibrium, xerostomia, dysphagia, fungal and recurrent infections. The changes in nasal mucosa are not very well known. Only few papers concerned the problem. The main complaints of patients regarding the nose are xeromycteria, hyposmia and various degree of decreased patency of the nose. Chronic atrophic rhinitis, septal perforation, ulceration of nasal mucosa, alar necrosis, symptoms of staphylococcal or fungal infection can be found during otolaryngologic examination. The treatment in this group of patients should consist of systemic therapy of diabetes mellitus and on the other hand focal therapy with the use of a solution to moisten the nasal mucosa.
糖尿病是全球最常见的内分泌疾病。全世界有1.5亿人患有这种疾病，在波兰约有200万人患病。根据发病原因和病理生理学，该疾病可分为I型和II型。病理生理变化包括糖尿病微血管病变、大血管病变和神经病变。头颈部最常见的表现有外耳道炎、听力减退、眩晕、平衡失调、口干、吞咽困难、真菌及反复感染。鼻黏膜的变化不太为人所知。仅有少数论文涉及该问题。患者关于鼻子的主要主诉是鼻干燥、嗅觉减退以及不同程度的鼻通气减少。在耳鼻喉科检查中可发现慢性萎缩性鼻炎、鼻中隔穿孔、鼻黏膜溃疡、鼻翼坏死、葡萄球菌或真菌感染的症状。这类患者的治疗应包括糖尿病的全身治疗，另一方面是使用溶液湿润鼻黏膜的局部治疗。
