Menshutkin V V
International Ecological Centre of PAS, Dzekanov Lesny, M. Konopchinskaya Str., 1, 05-092, Lomyanki, Poland.
Zh Obshch Biol. 2003 Jul-Aug;64(4):328-36.
The computer model of two alternative variants of biological evolution is proposed. The first variant supposes random while the second--directed change of individual features, thus corresponding to the Darwinian and non-Darwinian evolution. The evolution of fish communities in fresh waters serves as a particular example. The model is executed using object-oriented method of programming and mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logics. The investigation of the model showed that process of Darwinian evolution is connected with significantly greater species diversity and variability of evolutionary process trajectories than non-Darwinian one. On the other hand, non-Darwinian type of evolution provides fast achievement of high individual fitness, especially under conditions of constant environment. Non-Darwinian type evolution failed in big evolutionary alteration (for example, transition to predation); while the Darwinian evolution under the same conditions can produce such alterations though it took more time and many extinct species. Phylogenetic tree of Darwinian evolution is always more complex than of non-Darwinian one under the same conditions.
提出了生物进化两种替代变体的计算机模型。第一种变体假定个体特征是随机变化的，而第二种则是定向变化的，因此分别对应达尔文式和非达尔文式进化。淡水鱼类群落的进化就是一个具体例子。该模型采用面向对象编程方法和模糊逻辑数学工具来执行。对该模型的研究表明，与非达尔文式进化相比，达尔文式进化过程与显著更高的物种多样性以及进化过程轨迹的变异性相关。另一方面，非达尔文式进化类型能快速实现高个体适应性，尤其是在环境恒定的条件下。非达尔文式进化类型在重大进化改变（例如向捕食的转变）中失败；而在相同条件下，达尔文式进化虽耗时更长且有许多物种灭绝，但仍能产生此类改变。在相同条件下，达尔文式进化的系统发育树总是比非达尔文式的更复杂。
