Rodgers Raymond J, Irving-Rodgers Helen F, Russell Darryl L
Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Reproduction. 2003 Oct;126(4):415-24. doi: 10.1530/rep.0.1260415.
Ovaries can be considered tissues in which endocrine organs--follicles and corpora lutea--continually grow and regress. Follicles have both epithelial and stromal layers in which cell migration or movement, cell division, specialization and differentiation, and death occur. A fluid-filled antrum develops and at ovulation the epithelial cells undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition into luteal cells. Although growth factors and hormones are very important in some of these processes, the extracellular matrix participates in all of them. Importantly, the matrix is diverse in composition and cells rarely behave without reference to the composition and structure of the matrix. When follicles commence growing, the follicular basal lamina changes in its composition from containing all six alpha chains of collagen type IV to only alpha 1 and alpha 2. Perlecan and nidogen 1 subsequently become components of the follicular basal lamina, and there is an increase in the amount of laminin chains alpha 1, beta 2 and gamma 1, at least in cows. Late in follicular development and on atresia some follicles contain laminin alpha 2. On atresia the follicular basal lamina is not degraded as occurs at ovulation, but can be breached by cells from the thecal layer if granulosa cells no longer align it. Other matrix components are present and also change during follicular development. Versican was identified in all the follicular layers and has been found to play a key role together with inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, tumour necrosis factor alpha-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) and hyaluronan in cumulus oocyte expansion and fertility. Recent studies are directed at investigating the regulation of the matrix and its function in the ovary.
卵巢可被视为这样的组织，其中内分泌器官——卵泡和黄体——不断生长和退化。卵泡具有上皮层和基质层，细胞迁移或移动、细胞分裂、特化与分化以及死亡在这些层中发生。一个充满液体的卵泡腔形成，在排卵时上皮细胞经历上皮-间质转化成为黄体细胞。尽管生长因子和激素在其中一些过程中非常重要，但细胞外基质参与了所有这些过程。重要的是，基质的组成多样，细胞很少在不参考基质的组成和结构的情况下发挥作用。当卵泡开始生长时，卵泡基底层的组成从含有IV型胶原的所有六条α链变为仅含有α1和α2。随后，基底膜聚糖和巢蛋白1成为卵泡基底层的成分，并且层粘连蛋白链α1、β2和γ1的量增加，至少在牛中如此。在卵泡发育后期和闭锁时，一些卵泡含有层粘连蛋白α2。在闭锁时，卵泡基底层不像在排卵时那样降解，但如果颗粒细胞不再使其对齐，它可能会被来自卵泡膜层的细胞突破。其他基质成分也存在，并且在卵泡发育过程中也会发生变化。多功能蛋白聚糖在所有卵泡层中都有发现，并且已发现它与α-胰蛋白酶抑制剂、肿瘤坏死因子α刺激基因6（TSG-6）和透明质酸一起在卵丘卵母细胞扩展和生育能力中起关键作用。最近的研究旨在研究卵巢中基质的调节及其功能。
