Composite surgical sutures with bioactive glass coating.

A processing method was developed to coat polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) sutures with bioactive glass powder (45S5 Bioglass). High reproducibility and homogeneity of the coating in terms of microstructure and thickness along the suture length were achieved. Bioglass-coated sutures exhibited a high level of chemical reactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), indicating their bioactive behavior. This was evident by the prompt formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals on the surface after only 7 days of immersion in SBF. These crystals grew to form a thick HA layer (15 microm thickness) after 3 weeks in SBF. The tensile strength of the sutures was tested before and after immersion in SBF in order to assess the effect of the bioactive glass coating on suture degradation. The tensile strength of composite sutures was lower than that of as-received Vicryl sutures, 385 and 467 MPa, respectively. However, after 28 days of immersion in SBF the residual tensile strengths of coated and uncoated sutures were similar (83 and 88 MPa, respectively), indicating no negative effect of the HA layer formation on the suture strength. The effect of bioactive glass coating on the polymer degradation is discussed. The developed bioactive sutures represent interesting materials for applications in wound healing, fabrication of fibrous three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering, and reinforcement elements for calcium-phosphate temporary implants.