Barón María Adela, Solano Liseti, Peña Evelyn, Morón Alba
Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición Dr. Eleazar Lara Pantin, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2003 Jun;53(2):150-6.
Pregnancy in adolescence increases nutritional risk, due to higher demand of nutrients for maternal and fetal growth. This study was aimed to evaluate folate, vitamin B12 and iron status of pregnant adolescents at first trimester of pregnancy. A cross sectional, descriptive study was performed in 122 pregnant adolescents from Valencia, Carabobo state, 1997. Serum and erythrocyte folate and serum vitamin B12 was determined by radioassay; serum ferritin by enzimoimmunoassay; hemoglobin were performed by semi-automated method. Statistical analysis included standard deviation and frequencies. For serum folate 1.7% was found in negative balance and 19.0% at marginal status. For erythrocyte folate, 5.8% was deficient and 1.7% marginal. For serum vitamin B12, 8.3% was deficient and 13.2% marginal. Iron deficiency was found in 19.0% of the adolescents. Prevalence of anemia was of 13.1%, being iron deficiency the main cause. There was high nutritional risk regarding iron status, although iron intakes exceeded the recommendations, but only a small proportion was bioavailable. Prevalence of anemia was lower than reported by other studies and iron deficiency was higher than folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiencies. Pregnant adolescents are at a high biological and nutritional risk.
青春期怀孕会增加营养风险，因为母体和胎儿生长对营养的需求更高。本研究旨在评估怀孕青少年孕早期的叶酸、维生素B12和铁的状况。1997年，在卡拉沃沃州巴伦西亚的122名怀孕青少年中进行了一项横断面描述性研究。通过放射分析测定血清和红细胞叶酸以及血清维生素B12；通过酶免疫测定法测定血清铁蛋白；采用半自动方法检测血红蛋白。统计分析包括标准差和频率。血清叶酸方面，发现1.7%处于负平衡，19.0%处于边缘状态。红细胞叶酸方面，5.8%缺乏，1.7%处于边缘状态。血清维生素B12方面，8.3%缺乏，13.2%处于边缘状态。19.0%的青少年存在缺铁情况。贫血患病率为13.1%，缺铁是主要原因。尽管铁摄入量超过了推荐量，但只有一小部分是可生物利用的，因此在铁状况方面存在较高的营养风险。贫血患病率低于其他研究报告的水平，缺铁情况高于叶酸和维生素B12缺乏情况。怀孕青少年面临较高的生物学和营养风险。
