Togias Alkis
Divisions of Clinical Immunology and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Oct;112(4 Suppl):S60-8. doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)01878-5.
Histamine H(1)-receptors are involved in the pathologic processes of allergy. Clinical trials of H(1)-receptor antagonists have demonstrated the efficacy of these agents in reducing the sneezing, pruritus, and rhinorrhea associated with allergic rhinitis. In the lung, H(1)-receptors mediate the bronchoconstrictive effects of histamine and increase vascular permeability, which lead to plasma exudation. H(1)-receptors are present on T cells, B cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes, and stimulation of these receptors induces pro-inflammatory effects. It has been suggested that a signal from the H(1)-receptor contributes to the antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathways that induce proliferative responses and lead to the production of cytokines and antibodies by T cells and B cells, respectively. It would appear, therefore, that the H(1)-receptor has a wider role in inflammatory processes than simply mediating the actions of histamine.
组胺H(1)受体参与过敏的病理过程。H(1)受体拮抗剂的临床试验已证明这些药物在减轻与过敏性鼻炎相关的打喷嚏、瘙痒和鼻漏方面的疗效。在肺部，H(1)受体介导组胺的支气管收缩作用并增加血管通透性，从而导致血浆渗出。H(1)受体存在于T细胞、B细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞上，刺激这些受体会诱导促炎作用。有人提出，来自H(1)受体的信号有助于抗原受体介导的信号通路，该信号通路分别诱导增殖反应，并导致T细胞和B细胞产生细胞因子和抗体。因此，H(1)受体在炎症过程中的作用似乎比单纯介导组胺的作用更为广泛。
