Riccabona M, Fritz G, Ring E
Department of Radiology, University Hospital LKH Graz, Auenbruggenplatz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
Eur Radiol. 2003 Dec;13(12):2680-7. doi: 10.1007/s00330-003-2075-5. Epub 2003 Oct 3.
The aim of this study was to describe the potential of three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) in the urinary tract of neonates, infants, and children. The potential applications are illustrated based on our experience in 80 patients using two different 3DUS techniques. Various disease entities throughout the neonatal and pediatric age have been evaluated. The potential of 3DUS is discussed based on comparison with conventional 2DUS or other imaging (as clinically indicated), focused on the potentially improved renal parenchymal volume assessment. In our experience, 3DUS is feasible in neonates, infants, and children without sedation. It reduces imaging time, improves demonstration of complex anatomy and allows for evaluation of anatomy/pathology in any plane. The 3DUS improves volume assessment and follow-up comparison by offering an improved standardization and documentation. Rendered views of the dilated collecting system enable a comprehensive demonstration of hydronephrosis similar to intravenous urography or MR urography images. Additionally, 3DUS offers an ideal tool for training and education. Yet, limitations have to be acknowledged: areas inaccessible for 2DUS; poor quality of the original 2DUS acquisition; limited resolution; patient motion and breathing; cardiac pulsation creating artifacts and misregistration; equipment cost; lack of 3D DICOM standards creating problems with data storage; as well as system-inherent technical limitations. Nevertheless, the 3DUS holds the potential to become a valuable additional imaging tool for sonographic evaluation of the pediatric urinary tract.
本研究的目的是描述三维超声（3DUS）在新生儿、婴儿及儿童泌尿道中的应用潜力。基于我们对80例患者使用两种不同3DUS技术的经验，阐述了其潜在应用。对新生儿和儿童期的各种疾病实体进行了评估。通过与传统二维超声（2DUS）或其他影像学检查（根据临床指征）进行比较，讨论了3DUS的潜力，重点在于其对肾实质体积评估可能的改善。根据我们的经验，3DUS在无需镇静的新生儿、婴儿及儿童中是可行的。它减少了成像时间，改善了复杂解剖结构的显示，并允许在任何平面评估解剖结构/病理情况。3DUS通过提供更好的标准化和记录，改善了体积评估及随访比较。扩张集合系统的渲染视图能够全面显示肾盂积水，类似于静脉肾盂造影或磁共振尿路造影图像。此外，3DUS为培训和教育提供了理想工具。然而，必须认识到其局限性：2DUS无法检查的区域；原始2DUS采集质量差；分辨率有限；患者运动和呼吸；心脏搏动产生伪像和配准错误；设备成本；缺乏3D DICOM标准导致数据存储问题；以及系统固有的技术限制。尽管如此，3DUS有潜力成为小儿泌尿道超声评估中有价值的辅助成像工具。
