Christopher Kent L
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80231, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2003 Sep;24(3):489-510. doi: 10.1016/s0272-5231(03)00051-0.
Over the past 20 years a variety of transtracheal catheters have been developed for long-term oxygen therapy. A modified Seldinger technique has been the standard in the past, but a more recent procedure for surgical creation of the tracheocutaneous tract presents a number of potential advantages. TTO should be administered as a program of care, and recent advances with a streamlined and shortened program have simplified and improved the delivery of a technology that has a number of potential benefits and established safety. TTO may further increase the oxygen conservation efficiency of demand oxygen controller devices, and studies have shown TTO to be a potential alternative to nasal oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure, and tracheotomy for severe obstructive sleep apnea. Very high flows (> 10 L/minute) of a humidified air/oxygen blend, termed transtracheal augmented ventilation, extend the physiologic benefits of TTO and have promise in both the outpatient nocturnal ventilatory support of patients with severe respiratory disease and in liberation of patients from prolonged mechanical ventilation.
在过去20年里，已开发出多种用于长期氧疗的经气管导管。改良的塞丁格技术过去一直是标准方法，但最近一种用于手术创建气管皮肤通道的方法具有许多潜在优势。经气管氧疗应作为一种护理方案来实施，最近对简化和缩短方案的改进，简化并改善了一种具有许多潜在益处且安全性已确立的技术的应用。经气管氧疗可能会进一步提高按需氧控设备的氧保存效率，并且研究表明，对于重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，经气管氧疗可能是鼻吸氧、持续气道正压通气和气管切开术的一种潜在替代方法。极高流量（>10升/分钟）的湿化空气/氧气混合气体，即经气管增强通气，扩展了经气管氧疗的生理益处，并且在重度呼吸系统疾病患者的门诊夜间通气支持以及使患者摆脱长期机械通气方面都有前景。
