Kaarma Helje, Kasmel Jaan, Koskel Säde, Tiit Ene-Margit
Center for Physical Anthropology, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Growth Dev Aging. 2003 Fall;67(2):95-105.
Two data-sets containing the anthropometric measurements of Estonian schoolgirls aged 7-18 were analysed, one (set A) from the late sixties, size 1627 and the other (set K) from the late nineties, size 1546. In all data sets 8 measurements--three height, three breadth measures, chest circumference and mass--were measured using the same methodology, as well as BMI was calculated. The means of all the characteristics in age groups (size 100-150 individuals) were calculated and growth curves of means were approximated using polynomial least squares approximation. The maximal velocity points were found and the growth intensities in different body build groups were compared. It was proved that the usage of cross-sectional data for estimating growth curves is suitable for estimating the velocity of acceleration in different age groups. We found that the height of Estonian girls has increased during the last 30 years by about 4-5%, the breadth measurements--by about 1-2%, chest circumference up to 8% and BMI has decreased by 3-5%. The changes are quite modest in pre-puberty, most significant for girls aged 12-16 and smaller again for girls aged 17 and more. The maximal growth velocity has shifted for all characteristics to the earlier time. Comparison of different body build groups showed that the small girls of the sixties are quite similar to small girls in the nineties, but the differences are greater in the case of large and pycnomorphic girls.
分析了两个包含7至18岁爱沙尼亚女学生人体测量数据的数据集，一个（A组）来自60年代末，样本量为1627，另一个（K组）来自90年代末，样本量为1546。在所有数据集中，使用相同方法测量了8项指标——三项身高、三项宽度指标、胸围和体重，同时计算了身体质量指数（BMI）。计算了各年龄组（每组100 - 150人）所有特征的均值，并使用多项式最小二乘法逼近均值的生长曲线。找出了最大速度点，并比较了不同体型组的生长强度。结果证明，使用横断面数据估计生长曲线适用于估计不同年龄组的加速速度。我们发现，在过去30年里，爱沙尼亚女孩的身高增长了约4 - 5%，宽度指标增长了约1 - 2%，胸围增长了8%，而BMI下降了3 - 5%。这些变化在青春期前相当小，在12至16岁女孩中最为显著，在17岁及以上女孩中又变小了。所有特征的最大生长速度都提前了。不同体型组的比较表明，60年代的小个子女孩与90年代的小个子女孩相当相似，但在体型较大和丰满的女孩中差异更大。
