Edwards Katherine R, Lepo Joe Eugene, Lewis Michael A
Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2003 Oct;46(10):1309-16. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00238-8.
The relative environmental toxicities of synthetic and biogenic surfactants used in oil spill remediation efforts are not well understood. Acute and chronic toxicities of three synthetic surfactants and three microbiologically produced surfactants were determined and compared in this study for the estuarine epibenthic invertebrate, Mysidopsis bahia and the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina. The toxicities of the surfactant were determined in standard laboratory static and static-renewal tests of 4-7 d duration. Results were specific to the surfactant, response parameter and test species. The LC50 values (nominal concentrations) for M. bahia ranged from 3.3 mg/l (Triton X-100) to >1000 mg/l (PES-61) and 2.5 mg/l (Triton X-100) to 413.6 mg/l (PES-61) for M. beryllina. Chronic first-effect concentrations (mg/l) for the six surfactants ranged from 2.3 to 465.0 (M. beryllina) and 1.0 to >1000.0 (M. bahia) based on reductions in growth and fecundity. Few generalizations could be made concerning the results due to their variability but M. bahia was generally the more sensitive species and the toxicities of the biosurfactants were intermediate to those of the synthetic surfactants.
在溢油清理工作中使用的合成表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂的相对环境毒性尚未得到充分了解。本研究测定并比较了三种合成表面活性剂和三种微生物产生的表面活性剂对河口底栖无脊椎动物巴伊亚褐虾（Mysidopsis bahia）和内陆银汉鱼（Menidia beryllina）的急性和慢性毒性。表面活性剂的毒性在为期4至7天的标准实验室静态和静态更新试验中测定。结果因表面活性剂、反应参数和受试物种而异。巴伊亚褐虾的半数致死浓度（标称浓度）范围为3.3毫克/升（吐温X-100）至>1000毫克/升（PES-61），而内陆银汉鱼的半数致死浓度范围为2.5毫克/升（吐温X-100）至413.6毫克/升（PES-61）。基于生长和繁殖力的降低，六种表面活性剂的慢性首次效应浓度（毫克/升）范围为2.3至465.0（内陆银汉鱼）和1.0至>1000.0（巴伊亚褐虾）。由于结果的可变性，很难对结果进行概括，但巴伊亚褐虾通常是更敏感的物种，生物表面活性剂的毒性介于合成表面活性剂之间。
