Office of Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2022 May;41(5):1311-1318. doi: 10.1002/etc.5310. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Chemical herding agents are surfactant mixtures used to coalesce spilled oil and increase slick thickness to facilitate mechanical recovery or in situ burning. Only two herders are currently listed on the United States' National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan or National Contingency Plan product schedule for potential use in spill response: the surface collecting agents Siltech OP-40™ and ThickSlick 6535™. Toxicity data for spill response agents are frequently available only for two estuarine species, mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) and inland silversides (Menidia beryllina), and are particularly limited for herding agents. Toxicity can vary over several orders of magnitude across product type and species, even within specific categories of spill response agents. Seven aquatic species were tested with both Siltech OP-40™ and ThickSlick 6535™ to evaluate acute herder toxicity and relative species sensitivity. The toxicity assessment included: acute tests with A. bahia and M. beryllina, the freshwater crustacean Ceriodaphina dubia, and the freshwater fish Pimephales promelas; development of the echinoderm Arbacia unctulate; and growth of a freshwater alga Raphidocelis subcapitata and marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. Siltech acute toxicity values ranged from 1.1 to 32.8 ppm. ThickSlick acute toxicity values ranged from 2.2 to 126.4 ppm. The results of present study show greater toxicity of Siltech compared to ThickSlick with estimated acute hazard concentrations intended to provide 95% species protection of 1.1 and 3.6 ppm, respectively, on empirical data and 0.64 and 3.3 ppm, respectively, with the addition of interspecies correlation data. The present study provides a greater understanding of species sensitivity of these two oil spill response agents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1311-1318. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
化学驱油剂是一种表面活性剂混合物，用于聚结溢油并增加浮油厚度，以方便机械回收或就地燃烧。目前，只有两种驱油剂被列入美国国家石油和有害物质污染应急计划或国家应急计划产品清单，以用于应对溢油事故：表面收集剂 Siltech OP-40™ 和 ThickSlick 6535™。溢油应急处理剂的毒性数据通常仅针对两种港湾种虾（Americamysis bahia）和内陆银汉鱼（Menidia beryllina），而且驱油剂的毒性数据尤其有限。即使在特定的溢油应急处理剂类别内，产品类型和物种之间的毒性也可能相差几个数量级。用 Siltech OP-40™ 和 ThickSlick 6535™ 对 7 种水生物种进行了测试，以评估急性驱油剂毒性和相对物种敏感性。毒性评估包括：用 A. bahia 和 M. beryllina、淡水甲壳动物 Ceriodaphina dubia 和淡水鱼类 Pimephales promelas 进行急性测试；棘皮动物 Arbacia unctulate 的发育；以及淡水藻类 Raphidocelis subcapitata 和海洋藻类 Dunaliella tertiolecta 的生长。Siltech 的急性毒性值范围为 1.1 至 32.8 ppm。ThickSlick 的急性毒性值范围为 2.2 至 126.4 ppm。本研究结果表明，Siltech 的毒性大于 ThickSlick，基于经验数据，预计急性危害浓度分别为 1.1 和 3.6 ppm 时，能为 95%的物种提供保护，分别为 0.64 和 3.3 ppm 时，物种间相关性数据也会有所增加。本研究为这两种溢油应急处理剂的物种敏感性提供了更深入的了解。环境毒理化学 2022；41:1311-1318。© 2022 SETAC。本文由美国政府雇员贡献，其工作在美国属于公有领域。
