Levin Lara, Tomer Yaron
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Box 1055, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Autoimmun Rev. 2003 Oct;2(6):377-86. doi: 10.1016/s1568-9972(03)00080-6.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the most common autoimmune endocrine diseases. Both are organ-specific T-cell mediated diseases. Abundant epidemiological data support a strong genetic basis for both T1D and AITD. Furthermore, both diseases commonly occur in the same individuals and in the same families. Indeed, studies suggest that the etiology of T1D and AITD may involve common genetic factors. Two immune regulatory genes, HLA and CTLA-4 contribute to the susceptibility to both diseases. Additionally, two tissue-specific genes, the insulin VNTR in T1D and Thyroglobulin in AITD play a major role in their pathogenesis. Therefore, it is likely that both immune regulatory and target tissue genes contribute to these and other autoimmune diseases.
1型糖尿病（T1D）和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）是最常见的自身免疫性内分泌疾病。两者都是器官特异性T细胞介导的疾病。大量流行病学数据支持T1D和AITD都有很强的遗传基础。此外，这两种疾病通常发生在同一个人和同一个家庭中。事实上，研究表明T1D和AITD的病因可能涉及共同的遗传因素。两个免疫调节基因，即HLA和CTLA-4，促成了对这两种疾病的易感性。此外，两个组织特异性基因，T1D中的胰岛素VNTR和AITD中的甲状腺球蛋白，在它们的发病机制中起主要作用。因此，免疫调节基因和靶组织基因都有可能导致这些以及其他自身免疫性疾病。
