Steiger K, Ellenberger C, Schüppel K F, Richter E, Schmerbach K, Krautwald-Junghanns M E, Wünnemann K, Eulenberger K, Schoon H A
Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 33, 04103, Leipzig.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2003 Sep;110(9):382-8.
Infections caused by classical tubercle bacilli are rare during the last years. Nevertheless, diseases caused by other mycobacteria have to be considered clinically and in diagnostic pathology especially in cases of immunosuppression and due to their potential zoonosis risk. An infection by mycobacteria was diagnosed in four animals (Mayotte Maki, Blue-headed Parrot, Patagonian sealion, Beagle) necropsied between 1995 and 2002 in the Institute of Veterinary-Pathology of the University of Leipzig. The Maki, the blue-headed parrot and the dog showed a disseminated character of the disease caused by Mycobacterium genavense (monkey and bird) resp. Mycobacterium avium (dog), while an open chronical tuberculosis of the lungs due to a pathogenic member of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was observed in the seal. All these bacteria are potential causes of zoonoses. So, if granulomatous or disseminated histiocytic alterations are detected in diagnostic pathology, mycobacterial infections should always be included in differential diagnoses and require careful aetiological investigations by histopathological and bacteriological methods.
近年来，由经典结核杆菌引起的感染较为罕见。然而，其他分枝杆菌引起的疾病在临床和诊断病理学中都必须予以考虑，特别是在免疫抑制的情况下，并且由于它们存在潜在的人畜共患病风险。1995年至2002年间，在莱比锡大学兽医病理学研究所对四只动物（马约特岛狐猴、蓝头鹦鹉、巴塔哥尼亚海狮、比格犬）进行尸检时诊断出分枝杆菌感染。狐猴、蓝头鹦鹉和狗表现出由日内瓦分枝杆菌（猴和鸟）或鸟分枝杆菌（狗）引起的疾病的播散性特征，而在海狮中观察到由结核分枝杆菌复合群的致病成员引起的肺部开放性慢性结核病。所有这些细菌都是人畜共患病的潜在病因。因此，在诊断病理学中如果检测到肉芽肿性或播散性组织细胞改变，分枝杆菌感染应始终列入鉴别诊断，并需要通过组织病理学和细菌学方法进行仔细的病因学调查。
