Madianos M G, Gournas G, Stefanis C N
Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens, Greece.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992 Oct;86(4):320-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03273.x.
A total of 251 elderly residents of 2 boroughs of greater Athens were examined by a psychiatrist. For the assessment of depressive symptoms, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used. Cognitive functioning was also evaluated. The prevalence of affective disorders of any type was estimated by a clinical examination with a semistructured psychiatric interview (PEF) supplemented by DSM-III criteria. A total of 27.1% of the elderly respondents reported a significant number of dysphoric or depressive symptoms and were identified as depressed cases. Respondents who had lower socioeconomic status, were widowed, were experiencing stressful life events or were living alone exhibited a significant degree of depressive psychopathology. An association between depressed mood and cognitive impairment was also found. A total of 9.5% of the sample was diagnosed as suffering from any type of affective disorder (1.6% major depression, 0.6% bipolar, 5.5% dysthymic disorder and 2.0% adjustment disorder with depressed mood). Affective disorders constitute nearly half of the total number of psychiatric diagnoses (20.3% at the sample). It is interesting that, of the 27.1% of the sample with depressed mood (> or = 16 score on CES-D Scale), only 9.5% of the sample were diagnosed as suffering from clinical types of depression.
一位精神科医生对雅典大市区两个行政区的251名老年居民进行了检查。为评估抑郁症状，使用了流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）。同时也对认知功能进行了评估。通过半结构化精神科访谈（PEF）并辅以《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM-III）标准进行临床检查，估计任何类型情感障碍的患病率。共有27.1%的老年受访者报告有大量烦躁或抑郁症状，并被确定为抑郁症患者。社会经济地位较低、丧偶、经历应激性生活事件或独居的受访者表现出显著程度的抑郁精神病理学症状。还发现抑郁情绪与认知障碍之间存在关联。共有9.5%的样本被诊断患有任何类型的情感障碍（1.6%为重度抑郁症，0.6%为双相情感障碍，5.5%为心境恶劣障碍，2.0%为伴有抑郁情绪的适应障碍）。情感障碍占精神科诊断总数的近一半（样本中为20.3%）。有趣的是，在CES-D量表得分≥16分、即有抑郁情绪的27.1%的样本中，只有9.5%的样本被诊断患有临床类型的抑郁症。
