Roy D B, Bohan D A, Haughton A J, Hill M O, Osborne J L, Clark S J, Perry J N, Rothery P, Scott R J, Brooks D R, Champion G T, Hawes C, Heard M S, Firbank L G
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE28 2LS, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2003 Nov 29;358(1439):1879-98. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1404.
The effects of management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops on adjacent field margins were assessed for 59 maize, 66 beet and 67 spring oilseed rape sites. Fields were split into halves, one being sown with a GMHT crop and the other with the equivalent conventional non-GMHT crop. Margin vegetation was recorded in three components of the field margins. Most differences were in the tilled area, with fewer smaller effects mirroring them in the verge and boundary. In spring oilseed rape fields, the cover, flowering and seeding of plants were 25%, 44% and 39% lower, respectively, in the GMHT uncropped tilled margins. Similarly, for beet, flowering and seeding were 34% and 39% lower, respectively, in the GMHT margins. For maize, the effect was reversed, with plant cover and flowering 28% and 67% greater, respectively, in the GMHT half. Effects on butterflies mirrored these vegetation effects, with 24% fewer butterflies in margins of GMHT spring oilseed rape. The likely cause is the lower nectar supply in GMHT tilled margins and crop edges. Few large treatment differences were found for bees, gastropods or other invertebrates. Scorching of vegetation by herbicide-spray drift was on average 1.6% on verges beside conventional crops and 3.7% beside GMHT crops, the difference being significant for all three crops.
针对59个玉米种植地、66个甜菜种植地和67个春季油菜种植地,评估了转基因抗除草剂(GMHT)作物的种植管理对相邻田边的影响。田地被分成两半,一半播种GMHT作物,另一半播种同等的传统非GMHT作物。在田边的三个部分记录边缘植被情况。大多数差异出现在翻耕区域,边缘和边界处的较小影响与之呼应。在春季油菜田中,GMHT未种植的翻耕边缘的植物覆盖度、开花率和结实率分别降低了25%、44%和39%。同样,对于甜菜,GMHT边缘的开花率和结实率分别降低了34%和39%。对于玉米,情况相反,GMHT半边的植物覆盖度和开花率分别提高了28%和67%。对蝴蝶的影响反映了这些植被影响,GMHT春季油菜边缘的蝴蝶数量减少了24%。可能的原因是GMHT翻耕边缘和作物边缘的花蜜供应较低。在蜜蜂、腹足纲动物或其他无脊椎动物方面,未发现大的处理差异。传统作物旁边的边缘植被因除草剂喷雾漂移造成的焦枯平均为1.6%,GMHT作物旁边为3.7%,这一差异对所有三种作物都很显著。