Andrade Vivian M, Oliveira Maria Gabriela M, Miranda Monica C, Oliveira Acary S B, Oliveira Enedina M L, Bueno Orlando F A
Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003 Dec;25(8):1070-8. doi: 10.1076/jcen.25.8.1070.16730.
We compared 25 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 24 normal controls on a test of free recall of words. Some lists contained words that were all unrelated, while in others the intermediary words were semantically related. In another set, the mid-list words were repeated across the lists, or, in addition to the repetition, were semantically associated. Immediate recall was assessed using these lists. Delayed recall was assessed using different lists (delay-unrelated and delay-related) after distractor tasks. Recency was not affected in MS patients, but the primacy effect was lower than in controls, this effect being interpreted as due to a deficiency in articulatory rehearsal. The delay interval after each list abolished recency in both groups and resulted in impaired recall in MS patients. However the patients, like the controls, benefited from semantic relations in the middle of the lists and from spaced repetition of words across the lists, in either immediate and delayed recall. The enhancing effects of word relatedness and of spaced repetition are seen as being due to automatic processes preserved in MS patients.
我们对25名多发性硬化症（MS）患者和24名正常对照者进行了一项单词自由回忆测试。一些列表中的单词全不相关，而在另一些列表中，中间的单词在语义上相关。在另一组中，列表中间的单词在各列表中重复出现，或者除了重复之外，还在语义上相关联。使用这些列表评估即时回忆。在干扰任务后，使用不同的列表（延迟无关和延迟相关）评估延迟回忆。MS患者的近因效应未受影响，但首因效应低于对照组，这种效应被解释为由于发音复述不足。每组列表后的延迟间隔消除了两组的近因效应，并导致MS患者的回忆受损。然而，与对照组一样，患者在即时和延迟回忆中都受益于列表中间的语义关系以及列表中单词的间隔重复。单词相关性和间隔重复的增强作用被认为是由于MS患者中保留的自动过程。
