Herlitz A, Viitanen M
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1991 Jul;13(4):559-74. doi: 10.1080/01688639108401071.
The objective of the present research was to investigate the relationship between semantic organization and cue utilization in mildly and moderately demented patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In Experiment 1, subjects were presented with two lists of words: a list with semantically unrelated words and a list with words from four semantic categories presented randomly intermixed. Free recall was assessed and following the organizable list, subjects received a cued recall test. Normal controls, as opposed to mildly and moderately demented patients, showed higher performance in the organizable list as compared to the random list. In addition, normal controls and mildly demented patients benefited from semantic cues in the organizable list and performed at a higher level in total recall as compared to free recall. In Experiment 2, subjects were presented with two lists of words: a list with words from four semantic categories presented randomly intermixed and a list with words from four semantic categories presented clustered, together with information about the organization of the list. Free recall and cued recall, with the category names serving as cues, were assessed. Free recall performance of normal controls was higher in the clustered than in the organizable list, whereas no such effect was observed for the AD patients. Normal controls and mildly demented patients performed at a higher level in total as compared to free recall in both lists, whereas this effect was present only in the clustered list for the moderately demented patients. The overall pattern of results indicates that there are conditions under which memory facilitation from semantic organization may be obtained in AD.
本研究的目的是调查患有阿尔茨海默病（AD）的轻度和中度痴呆患者语义组织与线索利用之间的关系。在实验1中，向受试者呈现两组单词列表：一组是语义不相关的单词列表，另一组是来自四个语义类别的单词随机混合呈现的列表。评估自由回忆，在呈现可组织列表后，对受试者进行线索回忆测试。与轻度和中度痴呆患者不同，正常对照组在可组织列表中的表现高于随机列表。此外，正常对照组和轻度痴呆患者从可组织列表中的语义线索中受益，与自由回忆相比，总回忆表现更高。在实验2中，向受试者呈现两组单词列表：一组是来自四个语义类别的单词随机混合呈现的列表，另一组是来自四个语义类别的单词聚类呈现的列表，同时提供有关列表组织的信息。评估自由回忆和以类别名称作为线索的线索回忆。正常对照组在聚类列表中的自由回忆表现高于可组织列表，而AD患者未观察到这种效应。正常对照组和轻度痴呆患者在两组列表中的总表现均高于自由回忆，而这种效应仅在中度痴呆患者的聚类列表中出现。结果的总体模式表明，在某些情况下，AD患者可以从语义组织中获得记忆促进。
