Popa I, Portoukalian J
Inserm U.346, dermatologie, pavillon R, hôpital Edouard-Herriot, 69437 Lyon, France.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 2003 Jul;51(5):253-5. doi: 10.1016/s0369-8114(03)00070-1.
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids made of hydrophobic ceramides coupled to hydrophilic sialylated oligosaccharides. They belong to lipid rafts located on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and their oligosaccharide moieties are exposed on the cell surface. Gangliosides are shed as monomeric molecules from the plasma membrane by a largely unknown mechanism into the extracellular medium and they are synthesized de novo by the cells. The shed gangliosides bind to lipoproteins from which they are taken up by erythrocytes and leukocytes. The ganglioside enrichment of leukocytes results in an alteration in the transduction of activation signals, leading to an impaired cellular immunity.
神经节苷脂是由疏水的神经酰胺与亲水的唾液酸化寡糖偶联而成的糖鞘脂。它们属于位于质膜外小叶的脂筏，其寡糖部分暴露在细胞表面。神经节苷脂通过一种 largely unknown mechanism 作为单体分子从质膜脱落到细胞外介质中，并且它们由细胞重新合成。脱落的神经节苷脂与脂蛋白结合，红细胞和白细胞会从脂蛋白中摄取神经节苷脂。白细胞中神经节苷脂的富集导致激活信号转导的改变，从而导致细胞免疫受损。
