Spitzer Robert L
Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA.
Arch Sex Behav. 2003 Oct;32(5):403-17; discussion 419-72. doi: 10.1023/a:1025647527010.
Position statements of the major mental health organizations in the United States state that there is no scientific evidence that a homosexual sexual orientation can be changed by psychotherapy, often referred to as "reparative therapy." This study tested the hypothesis that some individuals whose sexual orientation is predominantly homosexual can, with some form of reparative therapy, become predominantly heterosexual. The participants were 200 self-selected individuals (143 males, 57 females) who reported at least some minimal change from homosexual to heterosexual orientation that lasted at least 5 years. They were interviewed by telephone, using a structured interview that assessed same sex attraction, fantasy, yearning, and overt homosexual behavior. On all measures, the year prior to the therapy was compared to the year before the interview. The majority of participants gave reports of change from a predominantly or exclusively homosexual orientation before therapy to a predominantly or exclusively heterosexual orientation in the past year. Reports of complete change were uncommon. Female participants reported significantly more change than did male participants. Either some gay men and lesbians, following reparative therapy, actually change their predominantly homosexual orientation to a predominantly heterosexual orientation or some gay men and women construct elaborate self-deceptive narratives (or even lie) in which they claim to have changed their sexual orientation, or both. For many reasons, it is concluded that the participants' self-reports were, by-and-large, credible and that few elaborated self-deceptive narratives or lied. Thus, there is evidence that change in sexual orientation following some form of reparative therapy does occur in some gay men and lesbians.
美国主要心理健康组织的立场声明指出，没有科学证据表明同性恋性取向可以通过心理治疗（通常称为“修复疗法”）改变。本研究检验了这样一个假设：一些性取向主要为同性恋的个体，通过某种形式的修复疗法，可以转变为主要为异性恋。参与者是200名自我选择的个体（143名男性，57名女性），他们报告了从同性恋到异性恋方向至少有一些微小变化，且这种变化持续了至少5年。通过电话对他们进行访谈，采用结构化访谈来评估同性吸引、幻想、渴望和公开的同性恋行为。在所有测量指标上，将治疗前一年与访谈前一年进行比较。大多数参与者报告说，从治疗前主要或完全为同性恋取向转变为过去一年主要或完全为异性恋取向。完全转变的报告并不常见。女性参与者报告的变化明显多于男性参与者。要么一些男同性恋者和女同性恋者在接受修复治疗后，实际上将他们主要的同性恋取向转变为主要的异性恋取向，要么一些男同性恋者和女同性恋者构建了精心编造的自我欺骗性叙述（甚至说谎），声称自己改变了性取向，或者两者皆有。出于多种原因，可以得出结论，参与者的自我报告总体上是可信的，很少有人编造自我欺骗性叙述或说谎。因此，有证据表明，一些男同性恋者和女同性恋者在接受某种形式的修复治疗后确实会发生性取向的改变。
