Slawson Chad, Hart Gerald W
Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2003 Oct;13(5):631-6. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2003.08.003.
Beta-O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an abundant modification of cytosolic and nuclear proteins that occurs in metazoans. O-GlcNAc is dynamically processed by a unique set of enzymes that actively add and remove the modification. Functionally, O-GlcNAc appears to regulate protein stability, subcellular localization and protein-protein interactions. The modification often acts in a reciprocal manner to O-phosphate modifications of proteins and together they can synergistically control the activity of many cellular processes. Recently, O-GlcNAc has been demonstrated to play a significant role in diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration. For example, the increased levels of O-GlcNAc that occur in diabetes are associated with decreased insulin responsiveness in adipocytes.
β - O - 连接的N - 乙酰葡糖胺（O - GlcNAc）是后生动物中胞质和核蛋白丰富的修饰形式。O - GlcNAc由一组独特的酶动态加工，这些酶可主动添加和去除该修饰。在功能上，O - GlcNAc似乎调节蛋白质稳定性、亚细胞定位和蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用。这种修饰通常与蛋白质的O - 磷酸化修饰相互作用，二者共同协同控制许多细胞过程的活性。最近，已证明O - GlcNAc在糖尿病、癌症和神经退行性疾病等病症中起重要作用。例如，糖尿病中出现的O - GlcNAc水平升高与脂肪细胞中胰岛素反应性降低有关。
