Heininger Ulrich
University Children's Hospital (UKBB), PO Box, 4005, Basel, Switzerland.
Eur J Pediatr. 2003 Dec;162(12):828-36. doi: 10.1007/s00431-003-1324-6. Epub 2003 Oct 21.
Influenza virus types A and B cause yearly outbreaks of respiratory tract infections in all age groups including children and adolescents. Complications, such as high fever, febrile convulsions, secondary bacterial infections and myositis frequently lead to hospitalisation. Safe and effective split, subunit and virosome vaccines are available from 6 months of age onwards. Most European countries do have guidelines for the use of influenza vaccines and current strategies primarily aim at decreasing the burden of influenza disease in certain, heterogeneously defined high risk groups.
unfortunately, compliance of many physicians and patients with immunisation recommendations is rather poor and several barriers to immunisation have been identified. These deserve our specific attention in the future. Recently, neuraminidase inhibitors with curative and preventive efficacy against influenza virus types A and B have become available. They serve as second line weapons for influenza prophylaxis under specific circumstances.
甲型和乙型流感病毒每年都会在包括儿童和青少年在内的所有年龄组中引发呼吸道感染疫情。诸如高烧、热性惊厥、继发性细菌感染和肌炎等并发症常常导致住院治疗。从6个月大起即可使用安全有效的裂解疫苗、亚单位疫苗和病毒体疫苗。大多数欧洲国家都有流感疫苗使用指南，当前策略主要旨在减轻某些定义各异的高危人群的流感疾病负担。
不幸的是，许多医生和患者对免疫接种建议的依从性相当差，并且已经确定了免疫接种的若干障碍。这些在未来值得我们特别关注。最近，对甲型和乙型流感病毒具有治疗和预防功效的神经氨酸酶抑制剂已经问世。它们在特定情况下用作预防流感的二线武器。
