Zhang Mancong, Versalovic James
Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Am J Clin Pathol. 2002 Dec;118 Suppl:S26-32. doi: 10.1309/LR1B-MHM7-GDWG-T1EU.
HIV-1 infection continues to present diagnostic and management challenges on a global scale. Multiple testing strategies currently are used for evaluation of patients and infection status. Serologic testing represents the standard for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. Molecular methods enable screening of the blood supply, detection of vertical transmission, and viral load testing to monitor patients during therapy. Molecular resistance testing facilitates the assessment of viral quasi species and the presence of specific mutations that confer antiviral resistance. Both genotyping and phenotyping approaches have been adopted for HIV-1 drug-resistance testing and enable rational modification of therapies for patients in whom their current regimens are failing.
在全球范围内，HIV-1感染在诊断和管理方面仍然面临挑战。目前，多种检测策略被用于评估患者及其感染状况。血清学检测是HIV-1感染诊断的标准方法。分子方法可用于血液筛查、垂直传播检测以及治疗期间监测患者的病毒载量检测。分子耐药性检测有助于评估病毒准种以及赋予抗病毒耐药性的特定突变的存在情况。HIV-1耐药性检测采用了基因分型和表型分析方法，能够为当前治疗方案失败的患者合理调整治疗方案。
