[Asymptomatic carotid stenosis: ACS].

Asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) is the lesion located in the vicinity of the common carotid artery branching, without neurological symptoms caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain. Cerebrovascular diseases represent an important medical as well as social problem, since this is one of the leading causes of mortality and serious invalidity worldwide. Majority of brain insults are caused by stenosing atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries. Thus, early surgical treatment may contribute to lessen this problem. Routine diagnosis of ACS include auscultation and ultra-sonographic examination of carotid arteries. Early detection of the disease enables proper medical prophylaxis and decision for surgical treatment (providing that expected benefit for the patient exceeds possible operative risk, i.e. < 3% of complication rate in experienced surgical wards). That's why of particular importance is to formulate multidisciplinary programs of insult prevention and to conduct multiinstitutional studies in order to establish clear cut indications for surgical treatment, particularly for the group of asymptomatic patients.