[General surgery].

Perioperative prophylaxis for pulmonary embolism (PE) is now an emerging issue in Japan because its frequency is increasing very rapidly. Although the optimal prophylaxis should be performed individually on the basis of clinical evidence, the available data on the incidence and prophylaxis of PE are limited in Japanese surgical patients. Both mechanical and pharmacological methods of prophylaxis have been developed. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) appears to be effective. The importance of thromboprophylaxis with anticoagulants including heparin is also emphasized. A new guideline for PE prophylaxis is expected to be established based on Japanese clinical evidence.