Cohen Jillian Clare, Illingworth Patricia
Department of Philosophy and Religion, 361 Holmes Hall, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02155-5000, USA.
Dev World Bioeth. 2003 May;3(1):27-48. doi: 10.1111/1471-8847.00058.
In this paper, we provide an overview of how the outcomes of the Uruguay Round affected the application of pharmaceutical intellectual property rights globally. Second, we explain how specific pharmaceutical policy tools can help developing states mitigate the worst effects of the TRIPS Agreement. Third, we put forward solutions that could be implemented by the World Bank to help overcome the divide between creating private incentives for research and development of innovative medicines and ensuring access of the poor to medicine. Fourth, we evaluate these solutions on the basis of utilitarian considerations and urge that equitable pricing is morally preferable to the other solutions.
在本文中，我们概述了乌拉圭回合的成果如何在全球范围内影响药品知识产权的应用。其次，我们解释了特定的药品政策工具如何帮助发展中国家减轻《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》（TRIPS协定）的最坏影响。第三，我们提出了世界银行可以实施的解决方案，以帮助克服在为创新药物研发创造私人激励措施与确保穷人获得药品之间的分歧。第四，我们基于功利主义考量对这些解决方案进行评估，并敦促公平定价在道德上比其他解决方案更可取。
