Aerts L, Van Assche F A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, U.Z. Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven Heerestraat 49 B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Placenta. 2003 Nov;24(10):905-11. doi: 10.1016/s0143-4004(03)00115-2.
Fetal development is dependent on maternal supply of fuels and building blocks. Disturbed maternal metabolism or inappropriate maternal nutrition confronts the fetus with an unfavourable intra-uterine milieu. Structural and functional adaptations occur during development and maturation of organs. Consequences of these fetal alterations persist postnatally and may result in metabolic alterations throughout life. Gestational diabetes can occur in these offspring and transmit the effect to the next generation. These alterations in fetal development can be associated with fetal macrosomia (maternal diabetes) or fetal growth-restriction (maternal/fetal malnutrition). The relation between birth weight and later metabolic disease therefore is U-shaped. Adult metabolic condition is thus to a considerable extent programmed in utero, fetal and neonatal weight being symptoms of disturbed fetal development. This concept of intra-uterine programming of disease is illustrated with a review of epidemiological human studies and experimental animal studies.
胎儿发育依赖于母体提供的营养物质和构建模块。母体代谢紊乱或营养摄入不当会使胎儿面临不利的子宫内环境。在器官发育和成熟过程中会发生结构和功能上的适应性变化。这些胎儿变化的后果在出生后依然存在，并可能导致一生的代谢改变。这些后代可能会患妊娠期糖尿病，并将这种影响传递给下一代。胎儿发育中的这些变化可能与巨大儿（母体糖尿病）或胎儿生长受限（母体/胎儿营养不良）有关。因此，出生体重与后期代谢疾病之间的关系呈U形。成人的代谢状况在很大程度上是在子宫内就已编程的，胎儿和新生儿体重是胎儿发育受干扰的症状。通过对人类流行病学研究和实验动物研究的综述来说明这种疾病的子宫内编程概念。
