Uchtenhagen A
Addiction Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Neural Transm Suppl. 2003(66):33-60. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0541-2_3.
Substitution treatment (replacement therapy) is the most widespread and the most frequently researched therapeutic approach to heroin dependence. At present, the "gold standard" is methadone maintenance, but the use of other agonists and of combined compounds with antagonists are increasingly used, especially Buprenorphine. This paper reviews the main findings from research and their consequences for best practice rules. The evolution and organisation of substitution treatment in Europe is described, indicating a major discrepancy in administrative regulations. Emerging trends are also mentioned, as well as the merits and limitations that mark the place of substitution treatment in a comprehensive therapeutic network for opioid dependence.
替代疗法（替代治疗）是治疗海洛因依赖最为广泛且研究最为频繁的方法。目前，“金标准”是美沙酮维持治疗，但其他激动剂以及与拮抗剂的复方制剂的使用也越来越普遍，尤其是丁丙诺啡。本文回顾了主要研究结果及其对最佳实践规则的影响。文中描述了欧洲替代疗法的发展历程和组织情况，指出了行政法规方面存在的重大差异。还提及了新出现的趋势，以及替代疗法在阿片类药物依赖综合治疗网络中的地位所具有的优点和局限性。
