Basta Sameh, Bennink Jack R
Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0440, USA.
Viral Immunol. 2003;16(3):231-42. doi: 10.1089/088282403322396064.
Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) are members of the ubiquitous family of herpesviruses, which escape immunological clearance and persist throughout life in the infected host. Cytomegaloviruses have developed numerous strategies that permit them to co-exist with their host even as an anti-virus immune response endangers their long-term survival. A considerable number of these strategies are aimed at MHC class I presentation of viral proteins to CD8+ T cells (TCD8+ ). Although the gamut of CMV immune evasion will be briefly examined, the primary focus of this review is on the host ability to counteract the strategies developed by CMV to inhibit antigen processing and presentation. A primary mechanism used by the immune system is the recognition of very early virus proteins including recognition of the immunomodulatory proteins themselves. We further speculate that cross-presentation of antigen is an adaptive immune response to the inhibition of direct presentation. Other mechanisms, such as the evolution of pAPC subsets, may also allow the immune system to adapt to a variety of different infectious pathogens while preventing cytopathic infection of all pAPCs.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）是普遍存在的疱疹病毒家族的成员，它们能够逃避免疫清除，并在受感染宿主的一生中持续存在。巨细胞病毒已经发展出多种策略，使它们能够与宿主共存，即使抗病毒免疫反应危及它们的长期生存。这些策略中有相当一部分旨在将病毒蛋白通过主要组织相容性复合体I类（MHC I类）呈递给CD8+ T细胞（TCD8+）。虽然将简要考察巨细胞病毒免疫逃逸的全貌，但本综述的主要重点是宿主对抗巨细胞病毒所发展出的抑制抗原加工和呈递策略的能力。免疫系统使用的一种主要机制是识别非常早期的病毒蛋白，包括对免疫调节蛋白本身的识别。我们进一步推测，抗原的交叉呈递是对直接呈递受抑制的一种适应性免疫反应。其他机制，如专职抗原呈递细胞（pAPC）亚群的演变，也可能使免疫系统适应各种不同的传染性病原体，同时防止所有pAPC发生细胞病变感染。
