Hjorth N, Roed-Petersen J
Contact Dermatitis. 1976 Feb;2(1):28-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1976.tb02975.x.
The preparation of food in restaurant kitchens carries a high risk of occupational dermatoses. Analysis of 33 cases revealed four different etiological types. Simple irritant dermatitis was rare (2 cases), plain contact dermatitis was more common (6 cases). Fifteen patients had relevant patch tests and scratch tests; ten had positive scratch tests only to explain the cause of their dermatitis. The last type was termed protein contact dermatitis. The major type IV allergens incriminated were metals, onion and garlic. The major proteinaceous allergens indicated by history and test results were fish and shell-fish. Open patch tests with the incriminated foods may cause erythema or oedema on normal skin after 20 minutes. Previously eczematous, now normal looking, skin often responds with a crop of dyshidrotic vesicles preceded by erythema and itching 30 minutes after the application of an open test. Examination for specific IgE is not always positive in such cases. Inhalant allergy was rare. The results indicate that food handlers are sensitized by the protein they touch, and then react to later contact with the proteins. Protein contact dermatitis is similarly common among veterinary surgeons, while the importance in other occupational groups remains to be studied.
餐厅厨房的食物制备工作存在患职业性皮肤病的高风险。对33例病例的分析揭示了四种不同的病因类型。单纯刺激性皮炎很少见（2例），普通接触性皮炎较为常见（6例）。15名患者进行了相关的斑贴试验和划痕试验；10名患者仅划痕试验呈阳性，可解释其皮炎的病因。最后一种类型被称为蛋白质接触性皮炎。主要的IV型过敏原是金属、洋葱和大蒜。根据病史和检测结果，主要的蛋白质过敏原是鱼和贝类。用可疑食物进行开放性斑贴试验，20分钟后正常皮肤可能会出现红斑或水肿。以前有湿疹、现在外观正常的皮肤，在进行开放性试验后30分钟，通常会先出现红斑和瘙痒，随后出现一群汗疱疹。在这种情况下，特异性IgE检测并非总是呈阳性。吸入性过敏很少见。结果表明，食品处理人员会因接触的蛋白质而致敏，随后对后续接触这些蛋白质产生反应。蛋白质接触性皮炎在兽医中同样常见，而在其他职业群体中的重要性仍有待研究。
