Nedorost Susan, Hammond Margaret
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, United States.
Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020 Aug 19;6(5):381-383. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.08.004. eCollection 2020 Dec.
The prevention of allergic contact dermatitis hinges on maintaining the integrity of the skin barrier and responding appropriately when it is disturbed. Although intact skin is subject to sensitization via highly irritating allergens, such as poison ivy, acutely inflamed and chronically inflamed skin is subject to sensitization to allergens without inherent irritant potential. In the chronically inflamed state of atopic dermatitis, sensitization to proteins, such as food, also carries a risk for systemic contact dermatitis via ingestion of the allergen. Minimizing the development of irritant dermatitis is key to preventing sensitization. However, in patients with already chronically inflamed skin, reducing the use of products to the involved areas, recommending hypoallergenic products with caution, and taking measures to prevent biofilm formation are also integral to preventing sensitization to chemicals and proteins, such as food and commensal organisms.
过敏性接触性皮炎的预防取决于维持皮肤屏障的完整性，以及在屏障受到干扰时做出适当反应。虽然完整的皮肤可能会因高度刺激性过敏原（如毒藤）而致敏，但急性炎症和慢性炎症的皮肤会对本身无刺激性的过敏原致敏。在特应性皮炎的慢性炎症状态下，对食物等蛋白质的致敏还存在通过摄入过敏原引发全身性接触性皮炎的风险。尽量减少刺激性皮炎的发生是预防致敏的关键。然而，对于皮肤已经处于慢性炎症状态的患者，减少在受累部位使用产品、谨慎推荐低敏产品以及采取措施防止生物膜形成，对于预防对化学物质和蛋白质（如食物和共生生物）的致敏也至关重要。
