King Kathryn M
University of Sunderland.
Br J Nurs. 2003;12(19):1137-41. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2003.12.19.11801.
Following on from the first article in this series (Vol 12(18): 1091-5), which described the history of diabetes, this article, the second of three literature reviews, explores the early production and development of insulin, from its initial production in a university laboratory to becoming a major pharmaceutical product. Also discussed are the various forms of insulin developed over the last 80 years and their means of delivery to the patient. The future is considered and the development of insulin analogues (substances that mimic the effect of human insulin) is described. The article also looks at the introduction of DAFNE (dose adjustment for normal eating) - an intensive programme of education aimed at teaching individuals the necessary skills to adjust their own insulin injection dosage to reflect their individual eating patterns.
继本系列第一篇文章（第12卷第18期：1091 - 1095页）介绍了糖尿病的历史之后，本文作为三篇文献综述中的第二篇，探讨了胰岛素的早期生产与发展，从其在大学实验室的最初生产到成为一种主要的药品。还讨论了过去80年中研发出的各种胰岛素形式及其给患者的给药方式。对未来进行了展望，并描述了胰岛素类似物（模拟人体胰岛素作用的物质）的发展。本文还探讨了DAFNE（正常饮食剂量调整）的引入——这是一项强化教育计划，旨在教会个体掌握必要技能，以便根据自身饮食模式调整自己的胰岛素注射剂量。
