Colombo Daria
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, USA.
J Hist Behav Sci. 2003 Fall;39(4):333-48. doi: 10.1002/jhbs.10153.
Agostino Gemelli, a Catholic priest, psychiatrist, administrator, and educator, was an important figure in the early history of psychoanalysis in Italy. He was one of the few establishment figures to grapple with Freud's ideas in Italy during the first half of the twentieth century, a period during which Italy, compared to the rest of Europe and to the United States, was relatively impermeable to psychoanalysis. One of the factors that contributed to this was the opposition of the powerful Catholic Church, which identified in psychoanalysis a challenge to its authority. The author argues that Father Gemelli's shifting positions about psychoanalysis between 1925 and 1953 reflected the exigencies of his historical circumstances. Gemelli was able to identify in psychoanalysis an integrated view of the human condition in stark opposition to the brutal reductionism of psychiatry in Italy at that time, but also encountered in it elements intolerable to the Church. Examining specifically what it is that Gemelli could accept of psychoanalysis, and what needed to be rejected, between 1925 and 1953, illustrates the particular challenge posed by psychoanalysis to Catholicism in Italy.
阿戈斯蒂诺·杰梅利是一名天主教神父、精神科医生、管理人员和教育家，他是意大利精神分析早期历史上的重要人物。在20世纪上半叶，他是意大利为数不多的与弗洛伊德思想进行斗争的权威人士之一，在这一时期，与欧洲其他地区和美国相比，意大利相对难以接受精神分析。造成这种情况的一个因素是强大的天主教会的反对，天主教会认为精神分析是对其权威的挑战。作者认为，杰梅利神父在1925年至1953年间对精神分析的立场转变反映了他所处历史环境的迫切需要。杰梅利能够在精神分析中识别出一种关于人类状况的综合观点，这与当时意大利精神病学的残酷还原论形成了鲜明对比，但同时他也在其中发现了教会无法容忍的元素。具体考察杰梅利在1925年至1953年间能够接受精神分析的哪些方面，以及需要摒弃哪些方面，说明了精神分析给意大利天主教带来的特殊挑战。
