Schauff D J, Clark J H, Drackley J K
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
J Dairy Sci. 1992 Nov;75(11):3003-19. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78064-3.
Four multiparous Holstein cows averaging 36 DIM and fitted with ruminal cannulas were utilized in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of feeding extruded whole soybeans and Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids. Treatments were diets containing 1) no added fat, 2) 16% extruded whole soybeans, 3) 16% extruded whole soybeans and 3% Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids, and 4) 16% extruded whole soybeans and 6% Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake a diet of alfalfa haylage, corn silage, and concentrate (35:15:50, DM basis). Intakes of DM and energy and production of milk, 4% FCM, fat, CP, and SNF were decreased by feeding extruded whole soybeans and 6% Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids, but differences were small among the other treatments. The weight percentages and yields of C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2 in milk were increased, and most shorter chain fatty acids were decreased, by feeding supplemental fat. Digestibilities of DM, OM, ADF, soluble residue, total C18 fatty acids, and total fatty acids were decreased, but digestibility of hemicellulose was increased by feeding supplemental fat. The largest decrease in digestibilities of most dietary constituents and in energy and N utilization occurred when 16% extruded whole soybeans plus 6% Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids were fed to the cows. Calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids can supply up to 3% of the dietary DM in diets containing 16% extruded whole soybeans without having deleterious effects on most variables measured in this experiment.
选用4头平均处于产犊后36天且装有瘤胃瘘管的经产荷斯坦奶牛，采用4×4拉丁方设计，以研究饲喂挤压全脂大豆和长链脂肪酸钙盐的效果。处理方式为日粮含有：1）不添加脂肪；2）16%挤压全脂大豆；3）16%挤压全脂大豆和3%长链脂肪酸钙盐；4）16%挤压全脂大豆和6%长链脂肪酸钙盐。给奶牛自由采食以苜蓿青贮、玉米青贮和精料（干物质基础为35:15:50）组成的日粮。饲喂挤压全脂大豆和6%长链脂肪酸钙盐会使干物质和能量摄入量以及牛奶、4%乳脂校正乳、脂肪、粗蛋白和非脂固形物的产量降低，但其他处理之间差异较小。饲喂补充脂肪会使牛奶中C18:0、C18:1和C18:2的重量百分比及产量增加，且大多数短链脂肪酸减少。饲喂补充脂肪会使干物质、有机物、酸性洗涤纤维、可溶性残渣、总C18脂肪酸和总脂肪酸的消化率降低，但半纤维素的消化率提高。给奶牛饲喂16%挤压全脂大豆加6%长链脂肪酸钙盐时，大多数日粮成分的消化率以及能量和氮利用率的下降幅度最大。在含有16%挤压全脂大豆的日粮中，长链脂肪酸钙盐可提供高达3%的日粮干物质，而对本实验中测定的大多数变量无有害影响。
